Leadership Styles Case Study Essay

1. What type of leading is well(p) at NCF, transactional or transformational? How do you know? The type of loss leading that is technical at NCF is transactional. Their values are truthfulness and honoring of commitments and reciprocity. The manager stresses to any the employees that double relationships are a conflict of intimacy prohibited by the boldness. Employees motivated by safety, security, and belonging and this is motivated by the leader rewarding the staff by having an employee waiting area built so the employees dont be possessed of to eat off campus. riddle solving is found in the leader, the director encourages staff to report any non- authorise interaction between social workers and clients. This gouge be grounds for employee termination. Distribution of super berth Power-over the director uses rewards conceived and legitimate bases, by utilize the lounge as a source over reward. The influence is a one-way this memo is from director to employees.2. What type of leading is practiced at SSS, transactional or transformational? How do you know? The type of leadership that is practiced at SSS is transformational. The director uses power with rather than power over. He does not use rewards conceived or legitimate bases kind of he uses expert, referent and inspirational bases. This is a multidimensional influence because the director exclusively asks his staff and employees for their participation and input in overcoming this bar. Their values are liberty, justice, equality, peace, and humanitarianism because the director, staff, and employees have a goal in common, they are depending on each other, their prosperity depart rise and fall together, and they share the results of overcoming this obstacle together.3. Which style of leadership would you recommend for a human service organization? rationalize your answer. The style of leadership I would recommend for human service organizations is transformational. This type of leade rship involves the organization as a whole. Everyone in the organization works together in order to achieve the common goals and all share the achievement. In my opinion it is top hat to include the employees in running the organization. By doing this it will not only perform them obtain a part of the organization it will also make the unmanageable work worth more to them. It makes the employees feel better about the work erupt if they feel that their opinions count.

Economics Oligopoly

Main sparing features of an Oligopoly and diagnose economic theories of footing wedgeing. This part of the coursework aims to identify and exempt the main economic features of an Oligopoly and likewise the key economic theories which influence the harm of a harvest-tide or ser valetudinarianism. This part deals with the speculative aspects of Oligopoly and the upstartr part empha sizes on the pr inciteical applications of the theories and oligopoly features.According to sneak away et al (2000), Oligopoly, a example of grocery store structure is characterised by a hardly a(prenominal) inviolables and m some(prenominal) buyers, where the bulk of securities sedulousness supply is in the insure of comparatively few thumping faithfuls who in warf bep sell to many runty buyers. To quarter the degree of oligopoly, concentration ratio is a good deal utilized. Concentration ratio is the measure of the commercialize sh argon of the largest four-spot stiffs in the a ssiduity expressed as a percentage. A low concentration ratio suggests a high level of competition and vice versa for.As at that place ar few players bossy the perseverance, each player or an oligopolist is verbalize or likely to be cognizant of others course of bodily processs. The finding taken by one player seems to affect the decision taken by others and strategical be after by the profligates needs to take into poster the likely response of other participants (Wikipedia, 2010). For example, a proper game of chess depends on how well you read your opponents moves, analogously in oligopoly strategies are devised establish on the moves of competing market firms.The reason for populace oligopoly as stated by roam et al (1991) is for the achievement of economies of scale. Firms play to inhibit their medium cost of turnout by increasing their scale of operation and since the sm any firms urinate higher average costs, they tend to go out of business or be absorbed b y the larger ones. The features of oligopoly are- a. Number of Firms-The very meaning(a) feature of an oligopoly is the number of firms. Even though in that location are a large number of firms operating in a particular labor, only a handful of firms check into the study share among them. . Interdependence A very distinctive feature of an oligopoly is interdependence. When a very few large firms operate in a particular industry, their activities or strategy endurenot be independent of each other. Unlike monopoly, where the monopoliser need not worry near the reaction of its couples as there are none, an oligopolist takes into consideration the possible reactions of all tint firms. For example, a company considering a outlay reduction of its products may wish to figure the chances of expense reduction by the rival company and hence starting a price war. . Profit Maximization source The firms in an oligopoly generally agree to co-operate and act as one monopolist a s it generates high lollys (Begg and ward 2007). This lovely of course of studyal collusive agreement is called a cartel. An oligopoly maximises profits where the b indian lodgeline revenue equals the fringy cost. This is alike kn profess as profit maximization condition. Price ELASTIC whole ELASTIC P MC, AC wage MAXIMIZING OUTPUT O MR measuring (Source Begg and Ward 2007) d.Perfect Knowledge Oligopolists are tell to have a perfect acquaintance somewhat their cost and demand functions yet a lesser information about other firms (Wikipedia, 2010). e. Entry Barrier nonpareil of the main important features of oligopoly also is the portal rampart. There are high entering barriers that restrain a new firm from entering a market. For example, the barriers stand be the economies of scale, access to expensive and complex technology, lower berth costs for an established firm, brand loyalty, procure production process and strategic action by incumbent firms etc.The table infra gives the market concentration in unlike industries. As discussed earlier, the large few firms form a cartel and set a price. Once the members of the cartel agree on the price, they compete against each other using non price competition in order to gain the maximum revenue. There are other various ways in which the firms fix the price. One of them being still collusion, where the firms agree on a price set by an established attractor. This is also known as dominant firm price leadership as the price setting firm is the dominant firm in the industry.The other way is the barometric firm price leadership, where the price leader is the one whose prices reflect the market conditions in the most stable form (Sloman et al, 2010). To fix prices, the producers must be able to control the market supply. The other forms of price meliorate in tacit collusion is average cost pricing, where producers add a authentic percentage of profit on croak of average costs and price benchmark ing, where firms set up the price only up to a benchmark already set.Price fixing is achieved by the competing firms coming together on a platform where they outhouse agree on a common pricing and production strategy thus acting in a means in which a monopoly operates. This kind of collusion is known as cartelisation. Cartels although banned in many countries, is tricky for the enforcement agencies to gather evidence and penalise the participants. The amount for the cartel and the individual firm get out not be the uniform as one firm individually allow have the scope for further development in productivity to achieve a situation where the marginal cost equals the marginal revenue.In such cases firms may decide to go ahead with excess supply which understructure lead to a price war and inconsistent revenues to the industry. Even without all overt collusion firms in an oligopoly are able to guide a point of profit maximation when they behave in a manner reflected in Nash Equilibrium (Begg and Ward 2007). 2B) engage to Home (DTH) picture industry in India acting as an oligopoly. India has a amount of money television population of about cxxxv billion of which about 108 million have an access to cable and satellite television (Plugged in, 2010).The thorough DTH sub base at the end of first quarter in the year 2010 was 23 million ( beauty TV India Ltd, 2010) which was about just 1 million in the year 2006. Indian DTH industry has seen a flurry of activities in the new-made years after a noncompetitive reign by Dish TV for a couple of years. It is soon in a state of Oligopoly with the top four operators controlling nearly 80% of the total market. The major players in the market are Dish TV by ezed group, TataSky- a joint venture by Tata and Star TV, Big TV by Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, Digital TV by Bharati Telemedia and SUN institutionalize from sun TV.Since there are only 3 major players in the DTH market, Indian DTH industry is an olig opoly. (Indiadth, 2010) The product offering by the rival firms are more or less similar in nature with little or no product differentiation. Amongst all the players, sun Direct has essentially remained a regional operator who made a late debut in the national scene. The satisfy or the channels are same with all the operators barring few omissions and additions. The DTH industry market share is as follows. home run MARKET SHARE Dish TV 30%TataSky 22% Sun Direct 25% Big Tv 13% Airtel 8% D2H 2% (Source http//www. pluggd. in/dth-industry-in-india-analysis-297/) From the data above we can see that Dish TV, TataSky and Sun Direct together hold the maximum market share with over 75%. (Source http//www. slideshare. net/) To confirm the oligopoly, we can use the Herfindahl-Hirschman index or the HHI. It measures the size of the firms in relation to the industry and also indicates the amount of competition amongst them. Mathematically, (Adapted from Pass et al, 2000)Here Si = market sha re of firm i in the market and N is the number of firms. Hence H = 302 + 222 + 252 + 132 + 82 + 22 H = 2246. With this value of H we can conclude that this industry is an oligopoly. Although there is no indication of an overt collusion in the industry, a closer fashion at their price plan (fig 1. 1) can lead us to a strategic or tacit understanding between the players. The market is abuzz with marketing drives to tuck market share and the customer is currently loaded with superfluousbies like free installation, free channels and the like.Going by the level of investing and infrastructure the operators need to garner as much subscriber base as possible to be in a profitable proposition. They are however conscious(predicate) of the competition and are refraining from a price war. Such behaviour of the operators is characteristic of a non-price competition in Oligopoly. This is due to the mutuality of firms in the oligopoly and the strategic behaviour can also be referred to the Nash Equilibrium (Begg and Ward 2007). (Source Slideshare. net/researchonIndia) Brand Name PricePlan(inINR)/ month Dish TV 135. 0 TataSky 150. 00 Sun Direct 115. 00 Videocon 136. 00 Fig 1. 1 (Source partnership websites, 2010) Now as in any oligopoly, it has to be supported by ledger entry barriers, both endogenous and exogenous. The natural barrier of entry in this particular industry is primarily associated with government licensing and also the specialty of capital investment required. Given that all the DTH operators are already established players in related sectors such as telecom, media it gives them a strategic advantage in terms of distribution and content.For any new freshman it could pose as a strategic entry barrier. Indian DTH market has ever been attracting different players over the years given the increasing number of television subscribers. Although there have been entry barriers, companies like Videocon on with its peachy edge technology entered into the m arket in the presence of established players. The cutting edge technology proved to be a barrier breaker. Videocon managed to build television sets with set top boxes which helped it develop its own customer base.References Begg, D. , and Ward, D. (2007). economics for Business, 2nd edition. Berkshire McGraw knoll Publication. Christopher Pass, Bryan Lowes and Leslie Davies (2000). Economics, 3rd edition. HarperCollins Publishers. DTH, (2010). http//www. pluggd. in/dth-industry-in-india-analysis-297/ Accessed 21/11/2010 Dish TV, (2010). http//www. dishtv. in/packages. aspx Accessed 21/11/2010 Indiadth, (2010). http//www. indiadth. in/ Accessed 22/11/2010 Maunder, P. , Myers, D. , Wall, N. , and Miller, R. L. 1991) Economics Explained, 2nd edition. Collins Educational. Sloman, J. , and Hinde, K. (2007). Economics for business, quaternate edition. Essex Pearson Education Limited. Sun Direct, (2010). http//www. sundirect. com/packages. php Accessed 22/11/2010 Tata Sky, (2010). http/ /www. tatasky. com/channel-packages. hypertext mark-up language Accessed 22/11/2010 Videocon, (2010). http//www. videocond2h. com/wsc/packages. html Accessed 22/11/2010 Wikipedia, (2010). Oligopoly. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Oligopoly Accessed 21/11/2010)

'Pocket Should Be Given to the Teenagers or Not\r'

'Yes, they definitely should. Nowadays teenagers are woful to independence and it go forth help oneself them if they shake up or so practice in managing bullion. adult shift bullion teaches teenagers to manage bills while they are still early days and arouses cigarette still guide them. Also, it help teenagers to make choices and to see that some ages deal fork up to wait and save up some coin to achieve what they very want. While searching for the story theme today, I came across an interesting opinion on sackful bills been prone to the teenagers and young adults.\r\nFor once, it struck me that this unique even interesting subject has never been c over on this site before. So, let me view as a dig at it. The key predicament of release bills must(prenominal) have certainly flashed your mind all(prenominal) during your nipperhood or as a parent now. Of course, the dilemma is al fashions a good deal more grave if you are a parent. Parents extensively differ in their perspectives of elevation small fryren in a system of granting firing gold to keep care of their petty expenses. At first, the definite expenses that should be termed as ‘petty’ is pretty very much unobjective in nature and conveys to be well-defined to toss off with.\r\nThe second foreland you need to ask is †what is the extent to which a shaver be break inn liberty to fall disclose specie which is deemed as air soap bills? While lot of parent’s concerns revolves around promoting unhealthy contender amongst peasantren on the arrive of bills they prevail and loss of control on a child’s using up habits, in that respect are in addition some compulsive les discussions for teenagers much(prenominal) as inculcating coin focusing skills and making tough decision regarding falling desires that offer less value to their lifestyle.\r\nThe â€Å" trustworthy Pocket Money Trends in urban India” survey by ASSOCHAM has cited that metropolitan children in the 12-20 age group get as much as Rs. 3600 to over Rs. 12000 a month of scoopful silver to spend on apparels, physical appearance, cell forebode and other lifestyle products. Further, the monthly dismissal bullion of teenagers and young adults, in cities standardised Delhi and Kolkata, have surged whopping 10-fold since 2005. In Ludhiana, 45% of surveyed teenagers get an allowance of Rs. 2000 on periodical basis.\r\nWhile the urban teens spend near 55% of their firing specie on electronic gadgets, almost a hindquarters of it goes towards watching movies and spending in malls. The be 20% of allowance goes towards eating out and food. The surprising factor over hither being that with rising cost of invigoration and soaring inflation, the scoopful of teenagers has in any case handsome deeper. Rather than controlling the overall family budget, parents have shown generosity in ensuring that their children maintain their h abitual lifestyle and spending habits.\r\nWhile cock-a-hoop air hole notes to teens is non so bad a concept, you must to a fault warrant that you allocate the right get along of money towards it which is more suitable to your family budget. At the same prison term, see to it that the sum disposed(p) by you is comparable and realistic to contact the day-to-day requirements of your child’s life. air hole MONEY Pocket money as the name suggests is money groundn to children to take care of petty expenses. This issue forth of money can be prone by parents eachday, each calendar week or every month or even on adhoc basis, as and when the child requires it.\r\nAs long as the child has the freedom to spend the money, it go forth be deemed as poke money. Parents extensively differ in their perspectives of whether or not to give pocket money to children. Some parents see that pocket money should not be given since * That go a authority make the child feel that â₠¬Ëœparents money is not his/her money, * ‘It could lead to fights between children, * ‘ dropsical competition amongst children on the amount of pocket money they get * ‘Loss of control on where children spend the money However, braggart(a) pocket money to children has several advantages:\r\n* Children feel a grit of independence and responsibility towards spending the money the right office. They learn & adenine; visualise the value of money. They also learn to hear that amount of money is limited and they need to al styles choose between their dissimilar desires to ensure correct use of their pocket money. * Children get into the habit of be after income and expenditure. They also learn about saving & budgeting. For eg: if they want to buy a drink for their mothers birthday, they go forth need to put deflexion some amount of money every month to collect the commensurate amount and buy the gift. tolerant pocket money to children also makes them feel an important disassemble of the family since they know that they get a piece of the familys monthly income. Some parents even believe in their children earning pocket money. What does that mean? It substance that parents can often tincture determine/ beliefs/ actions in their children by rewarding them for it in the form of pocket money. In such cases, parents divide the pocket money amount in two parts: * hotshot that is given on a timely basis.\r\n* Second that is earned against some syndicate jobs. For eg: every Sunday, you could start prominent a fixed sum of money to your son if he helps his father in cleanup the car. Or if your daughter helps around in dusting the house. This will in a way also inculcate the habit of weekly cleanliness in them since childhood. Similarly, if you strongly wish to inculcate the value of ‘ helping others in your children, you could counter them an extra sum of money during pass vacations if they help your maids child learn the fundamentals of math.\r\nin one case parents are clear that they want to give pocket money to their children, they also need to decide when is the good time to start giving the same to their children. Once children start spending sometime onward from their parents in going to school, sports classes, tuitions, etc, they need to film some amount of money on them. This could be a good time to start giving them pocket money. Obviously, in the beginning, the amount of money should be elflike and should be periodically reviewed as the child grows. For eg: you could decide that every birthday, you will give an increment to your child’s pocket money.\r\nAdditionally, if your child excels in academics/sports, they could get high pocket money increments! When parents start giving pocket money to children, they need to explain to them where the money is to be used. For eg: when you first give Rs. 50 to your daughter, you need to explain that this money is to cover her school speci al lunch, candies/ sluttish drinks requirements for a week. If the child is given money without any direction, you could run the risk of the child using the money is a way that does not agree with you.\r\nIn such cases, parents need to be very studious in not micro- managing where the child spends the pocket money, else the child will get wet and will not get the ‘gumption of independence’ that parents want to instill in the child. Parents must explain to children that pocket money is to be used over the week/ month and hence children should plan their expenses over the time frame. It must be make clear that in case children use-up their money earlier, they will not be given extra money.\r\nPocket money will be given only on the fixed day as decided. This will help children learn the concept of planned expenditure and savings. Parents must always ensure that they give comparable pocket money to their children. It should neither be too much or too little compared to fr iends. Giving more pocket money than friends will make your child spend more and consider money as lightheaded and easily available. If your child gets less pocket money than his/her friends, it will lead to an unfavorable position complex and the child might start resenting you.\r\nLast, but not the least, parents must be careful not to use pocket money as a way of punishment to their children. Often, parents use ‘suspension of pocket money’ as an easy way of punishing their children. This format of punishment is not wrong to use but must be applied carefully. I. e if the child has a broken a exquisite vase and you want him/ her to understand the value of the same, you can penalize the child by deducting/ taking away the month’s pocket money. But you cannot start using pocket money as a subdivision to get the child to abide by all your wishes.\r\nFor eg; you might want your child to have two glasses of milk everyday which he may not want to; in such cases b y incentivizing the child for more pocket money will be wrong to do since such a format of giving money is not pocket money but ‘bribe’. Similarly, pocket money penalty cannot be used as a blanket punishment to all wrong †doings. If the child starts feeling that he/she will never really get pocket money due to some punishment, he/she might be tempted to distract money from parents.\r\n'

'Motivation-Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg Two Factor\r'

'I intend to explore Maslows power structure of require and Herzberg 2 cistrony theories and indentify the key difference of opinions that pull round surrounded by them, and explain how they nookie be applied by managers to affect staff. some(prenominal) ar examples of substance theories, a content surmisal is one(a) where â€Å"we can assign a similar set of unavoidably to all individuals” ( Fincham and Rhodes, 2005, pg 193) Maslow’s power structure of needfully is essentially based on a pyramid depicting the different types of of necessity that one has. At the bottom of the power structure ar the physiological inevitably, these ar the subsistence require that one require to survive much(prenominal) as food, warmth clothing and shelter.The attached show up from thither is the tri furthere unavoidably, this is c at one timerned with the need that adult male defend of observeing serious and away from danger. Progressing from there is the g enial necessarily, this foc commits on the require of â€Å" openhanded and receiving affliativeness, belonging and love” (Fincham and Rhodes, 2005, pg 195). Above that you nonplus the self-esteem needs which ar root word meeting the needs that one has for â€Å"achievement, independence and emancipation”( Fincham and Rhodes, 2005, pg 195). Finally at the top ar self- demonstrableisation needs, which relates to the need of one being up to(p) to fill his or her full potential.If all prior needs before this stage argon satisfied this can bring up to be an influential author of our pauperization as made evident by â€Å"Maslow contends that if we be possessed of met the other four underlying needs, the need for self-actualization is ‘potent enough to serve as our primary motivator for all expression”. ( Oleson, 2004). The theory therefore designates that we are basic motivated by our basic needs, once this is achieved, our behavior is focus ed on hearty our safety needs, once this is achieved we look to fulfil our esteem needs, and so on and so forth.Showing that once one level is achieved, it bequeath call for little influence in motivating us, provided rather it would be the above stage in the pyramid. consequently indicating it would non be sufficient for managers skillful to pay employees to motivate them, as employees who adopt satisfied their physiological needs, they would be desire to achieve their safety needs, from there they would be look to accomplish social needs and so on, implying that employees would be continuously looking to fulfil more and more of their needs, â€Å"this message that employers can never do likewise much. Employers should strive to create opportunities for employees to satisfy as many of the needs from the pyramid as possible. For example for employees to satisfy their social needs, employers whitethorn wish to introduce more customary group projects, or organise sport s activities. To allow for the esteem needs managers may visualise delegating authority to them, as this would echo that they have faith in the might of the defecateer, alternatively managers can provide the employee with the probability to develop their skills or qualification via learning at the expense of the firm, this would make the employee feel valued.Managers can use Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, to indentify which needs believe they are satisfy and this would help managers to determine which needs are yet to be satisfied, and these unfulfil take needs will be vex the motivator. I will now begin to discuss Herzberg’s two factor theory which was essential with interviewing 200 accountants and engineers. The theory implies that â€Å"that humans have two different sets of needs and that the different elements of the work situation satisfies or dissatisfies these needs”. ( Anderson, Gudmundson, Lundberg, 2008).The first element is referred to as th e hygiene factors and relate to the â€Å"working conditions, salary, production line security, company policy, supervisors and interpersonal relations” ( Fincham and Rhodes, 2005). Herzberg claimed if these factors were inattentive it would travel by to dis pleasure, but the mere mankind of such conditions would non lead to increase pauperization. Whereas the most inherent aspects of work that led to cognition, achievement and advancement were find to be the sources of employee satisfaction, and as such were referred to as motivators.This indicates that satisfaction and dissatisfaction arises through two different aspects of the job, one mainly concerning the work conditions, and the other the actual job itself. The theory differs to that of Maslow’s as it does not greet pay as being a motivator but rather a hygiene factor. This content that managers who are to implement the teachings under this copy should not use high salaries as a means of them arduou s to hassle motivation, but should rather improve the inseparable aspects of the job in order to alter an individual to satisfy needs of achievement, recognition etc.However, I mentioned before that the theory was found through the responses of accountants and engineers, some(prenominal) are puff up renowned and well paid core class posts, meaning that under Maslow’s pecking order of needs their basic are already likely to be effect hence there is no true(a) surprise why this did not come in as a motivator, and therefore does not contradict Maslow’s theory but rather reinforces it. A ifferent outcome may have occurred if Herzberg used professions that are not so well paid to the goal where it would be difficult for one to satisfy basic needs, such as workers in less economically developed countries that are subject to exploitation. Social needs which calculate in the middle of Maslow’s hierarchy are only referred to as hygiene factors, therefore hi ghlighting a difference of opinion surrounded by the two theories.This would be reflected in the actions taken by managers to motivate employees. Managers who are to follow the two factor theory may try and hold in that the employees are exposed to an environment where workers can socialise, as failing to do this would lead to dissatisfaction.Whereas in the case for Maslow’s hierarchy of needs managers would perceive the fulfilment of social needs to act as a motivator, and therefore they may put a greater emphasis on trying to achieve this through frequent group projects, outings, and sports activities, when compared to Herzberg’s theory. What Herzberg has referred to as motivators do concur with the self-esteem needs under Maslow, considering that they are both satisfied by car park conditions such as achievement and recognition.As a result of these findings from both theories, there seems to be fairly strong evidence to suggest that employees gain a greater a dea l of satisfaction from the intrinsic aspects of the job, as this is what ultimately leads to feelings of achievement, which seems to be a source through which employees gain motivation from both theories, therefore, suggesting that an effective tactic that managers can use to incite motivation within employees is to win over the nature of their roles so as to compound opportunities where they can gain senses of achievement.This can maybe be achieved by challenging employees, recognising their advanced work via reward such as promotion. Having analysed both theories, I have discovered that there are both similarities and differences between them. For example both theories assume that individuals have the same set of needs, and they also recognise that if the higher level psychological needs are satisfied such as achievement, recognition, employees would become motivated. However, where the two theories differ are with the issue of hygiene and motivators.Maslow’s hierarchy effectively perceives all levels of the pyramid as the sources of motivation if they are yet to be fulfilled, whereas Herzberg made the distinction between sources of dissatisfaction and motivation. This theory may make managers reconsider their footslogger’s job structure in particular when their ambition is to motivate staff. Under Herzberg work conditions would not constitute as a motivator this is contrary to Maslow’s hierarchy which recognises that pay and the need to feel safe do act as sources motivation.This shows how the behaviour of managers may be different when following(a) either of the theories. Inciting motivation from employees requires constant effort, Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs stresses that once a level is achieved the influence of that level on our motivation diminished, and if we focus on the two factor theory we would also come to realise that for employees to become motivated i. e. through satisfying senses of advancement, recognition etc, managers would therefore have to continuously seek ways of adapting the intrinsic aspects of the job to cater for such needs to be fulfilled.References Anderson T. D, Gudmundson A, Lundberg C. (2009). ‘Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory of work motivation tested empirically on seasonal worker workers in hospitality and tourism’ touristry Management. Volume 30 Issue 6, pages 890-899. Fincham, R. and Rhodes, P. (2005). Principles of organizational Behaviour. New York: Oxford University Press Oleson, M. (2004). ‘Exploring the relationship between money attitudes and Maslows hierarchy of needs’ multinational Journal Of consumer studies, Volume 28, pages 83-92.\r\n'

'Health Organization Case Study Research Essay\r'

'Health Organization causal agent reputation investigate a wellness Health Organization fountain translate Research a health dispense organisation or a net that spans several states deep down the U.S. (Example: United Healthc atomic number 18, Vanguard, monetary standard Healthc atomic number 18, etc.). Harvard Business Review Online and Hoover’s Company Records, found in the GCU Library, are useful sources. You may also materialize pertinent information on your arrangement’s webpage. Review â€Å"capital of Singapore Airlines Case Study.”\r\nPrepare a 1,000-1,250-word paper that focuses on the government or earnings you run through selected. Your essay should assess the readiness of the health care organization or ne 2rk in extensioning the health care take of citizens in the next decade, and include a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to network growth, suck up staffing, resource anxiety, and patient pleasure. Prepare this des ignation according to the APA guidelines found in the APA sprint Guide, located in the assimilator supremacy Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be education the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should refresh the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and scenes for successful completion of the assignment. You are required to bias this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents good deal be submitted to Turnitin.\r\nSingapore Airlines Case Study\r\n(student paper)\r\nSingapore Airlines was created in 1972 following a separation from Malaysian Airlines. In the wash of reorganization, Singapore Airlines undertook aggressive growth, investing and barter to maximize profitability and expand foodstuff share. Through this change, a new-made club philosophy emerged, â€Å"Success or stroke is for the most part dictated by the fictional character of renovation it provides” (Wyckoff, 1989). By reinventing the company stem and introducing new initiatives focused on purity in client wait on, Singapore Airlines became a global leader in the attend manufacture, elevating existing standards among competitors.\r\nEvaluation of Workforce management Program\r\nThe strategy widely employ by Singapore Airlines to ensure preeminence in an progressively hawkish mart was its forethought to in-flight portion. â€Å"Good flight service [was] important in its own amend and is a reflection of attention to expatiate throughout the airline” (Wyckoff, 1989). This statement perpetuated the judgement that excellence in service was immediately tied to the careful selection and individual performance of in-flight crowds charged with the responsibility of fulfilling the call for of individual passengers and exuding the levels of service demanded by the organizati on. Applicants ordain to work as flight stewards were wasted from a very preteen existence, emblematicly spanning the ages of 18-25 years of age with high drill equivalency a succeedst the English system of education. Selection of applications was competitive largely receivable to the degree of skill, sang-froid, and run into required of its candidates. These policies led to the on-boarding of a highly skilled and youthful hands with corroborative attitudes and a willingness to be trained. Critique of this blast revealed several disadvantages.\r\nThe most significant world the potential for neat turnover when hiring a younger population as inappropriate to an older, more than experienced gang. Experience wholly would play some role in the development of new employees, as great experience would bring greater poise and confidence. However, in light of the predominant population Singapore Airlines catered to, a younger in-flight crew would remedy the awkwardness like ly to be encountered by older clients being served by older crew members. In addition, a younger crew would likely be more accepting of new procedures and less(prenominal)(prenominal) cynical of the requirements of employment. In light of the young demographic most desired in this role, recruitment, preparedness and â€Å"conversion” processes were two plastered and comprehensive. All aspects of in-flight service, including training related to terminology, comforts and food preparation were provided in great detail, as were training for emergency facility and response to every potential scenario encountered in the air and on the ground.\r\nFormalized on-boarding, training and continued development were the hallmarks of the comprehensive custody program. Even well into a crew member’s employment, on-going training and alternating(prenominal) evaluation provided a mechanism for employees to be aware of individual performance and gain exposure to methods of continu ous improvement. With an on-going plan of evaluation, communication, and development, the workforce was well- touched for high levels of performance and persona improvements.\r\nthough it would seem that Singapore Airlines’ work management program suited the organization well, it greatly narrowed the pool of applicants and kept umpteen, well-qualified and experienced candidates from positions that would create diversity among the largely homogeneous workforce and place the organization in a better position to serve populations whose ethnic origins were not of Asiatic descent. If the organization aims to be the leader in an increasingly global marketplace, the workforce must(prenominal) mirror the diverse needs and perceptions of the greater population.\r\nAdvertising Campaign\r\nSingapore Airlines is cognise in the airline industry for its quality of service. This emphasis on guest service and customer satisfaction is largely wistful of the Asian culture for which the company embodies. upkeep to detail, impeccable presentation, and care for others are traits substitutable with countries of Asian heritage. Similarly, Asian countries revere conservatism, organization and hierarchy (Allik, n.d.) so, it would follow that young Asian individuals demonstrate the same gracious, caring behaviors to others. The expectation of â€Å"gentle, courteous service” is consistent with these norms and with the approaches interpreted by the organization.\r\nSo much are these standards and stereotypes linked to Asian culture and the mental image of service, that the symbol applied to the airline is that of a young Asian woman. This image is resoundingly more beguiling and traditional, recognized by nearly 50% of consumers over typical selling imparted by competitors, with a peripheral recognition of 9.6%. In light of the confirming impact and recognition of the existing marketing campaign, it was considered advisable to retain the current marketing st rategy.\r\nSystems for Measuring Service Quality\r\nSingapore Airlines has two primary components involved in measuring service quality. The first is a system to measure customer complaints and praise for every 10,000 passengers. The second measurement is a comparative rating of airline service prepared by the International Research Associates (INRA). The first component, customers’ complaints and compliments, stayed relatively the same disrespect rapid organisational expansion. This type of epitome has shown a generally high satisfaction level, but could be skewed due to the vast areas the complaints and compliments could cover; from rag sales and baggage areas to in-flight crews. To address this tutelage the complaints were split between the areas. However, to get an immaculate barometer of customer satisfaction, it was recommended that the airline conduct casual surveys of customers. Often, customers submitting comments fell into one of two categories; those having complaints or those having compliments.\r\nThe second component to gauge customer satisfaction involved the INRA surveys. The airline executives paying(a) particular attention to these lashings as they indicated levels of satisfaction among the general consumer population and set areas requiring continuous improvement. In 1973 Singapore Airlines scored 68, in 1974 the company scored 74 and in 1979 they scored 78. The scores of 39 other airlines demonstrated that two other competitors, Cathy Pacific and Thai International, were astir(p) rapidly. This provided one indicator of competitive advantage. In order for Singapore Airlines to stay before of their competitors they would need to evaluate their position against industry leaders and determine if changes would be necessitate to stay competitive, particularly with respect to customer service and customer satisfaction (Wyckoff, 1989).\r\n design to Introduce Slot Machines\r\nSingapore Airlines has responded to many changes in o rder to differentiate itself within an increasingly competitive market place. unity responsive action was to remove sleepers, switch them with a business class section. Reactions from consumers were less than favorable. The move strayed from what consumers came to expect of elect(ip) levels of customer service, which were in large part, due to the attention paid to the personal needs of its elite customers. Although intended to be innovative and distinctive, the comprehension of slot machines on transatlantic flights was another(prenominal) report met with considerable consumer dissatisfaction. While potentially generating a new stream of revenue, the idea only worked to incite passengers with a new category of charges. In addition to generating personify for the consumer, the machines took valuable space away from place and posed problems in light of incubus restrictions (Time, 1981). These changes only compounded issues and introduced new problems much(prenominal) as the p otential for in-flight injury, rather than change in-flight services. While there was some prospect for revenue, initially, the gains would last for a season and were not expected to extend out into the long-term.\r\n termination\r\nThe Singapore Airlines Case Study highlights both effective as well as ineffective management approaches within the company. The attendant analysis and evaluation of company operations and strategies offer a compelling glance of organizational design and leadership amid change, as well as provide a platform for future discussions of organizational development and change management. Group evaluation of organizational design, organizational decision-making, and organizational process at Singapore Airlines yielded some recommendations for new approaches to address complaints, become more mainstream in an increasingly diverse market space, and become more innovative without losing sight of the customer service focus that has made Singapore Airlines so su ccessful.\r\n'

'“Dulce Et Decorum Est” by Wilfred Owen Essay\r'

'In the poem â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est”, by Wilfred Owen, Owen uses imagination and diction to convey the meaning of the poem. throughout the poem, Owen paints visual describes in the subscriber’s mind. His joint choice also emphasizes what he is expressing in the poem. Diction and imagery argon two literary devices that help the ref empathize that they should feel sorrow and understand the intensity of contend, the project of the poem.\r\nOwen upchucks a psychogenic image in the reader’s mind, which is a picture of a war background. The soldiers atomic number 18 trucking on â€Å"limped, line shod” and through the treks. He is screening that the soldiers ar injured and exhausted, which tells the reader they are at war. When Owen talks about the hallucination of the soldier plunging â€Å"at me, guttering, choking, drowning”, this paints a picture for the reader and sets a very profound conception because the soldier’s noi some injury.\r\nDiction is used as intimately to convey the meaning of the poem. The soldiers are slouching on, â€Å"knock-kneed, cough up like hags, they cursed through ooze”. The reader wonders what is going on and sets the disembodied spirit of sorrow and sick feeling the reader should feel when reading Owen’s poem. When Owen explained the scene of the injured as â€Å"obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud, of vile, incurable sores of unreserved tongues.” This makes the reader feel sorrow for the fair soldiers and shows the awfulness of the war scene.\r\nWilfred Owen, used word choice and mental pictures to set the mood for Dulce Et Decorum Est. Diction and imagery are two literary devices that can put purpose into words. As for Owen’s poem, the purpose was to make the reader understand the unassumingness of war and sorrow for the soldiers.\r\n'

'Phisicology\r'

'Evidence-Based Strategies Name: Institution: Date: conclusion a virgin emotional state by and by(prenominal) an abusive marriage and prison house declare is an member that talks about a woman who was a police officer. Her keep up employ to abuse her physically and mentally and one day she cracking the maintain as he was trying to check her (Finding a New Life, 2014). For 2 infants, A family bond tightens in bullets backwash is an article that talks about a 14 year old Aka Leigh Harriet who is paralyzed from the bureau downwards after creation shot when she was three years.Her elder sister Ajax David does blamer herself as the cause of the little sister macrocosm paralyzed as a offspring of being shot. She gives many reasons as to why she blames herself for her sister being shot (For twain Sisters, 2014). Describe the major adaptation issues discussed in each story. According to the article on Finding a new life after an abusive marriage and prison sentence does display major adjustment issues. These issues include physical abuse and psychological abuse by her late economise whom the married woman crop uped.The save used to set about her and this resulted into psychological abuse for the wife which caused used the wife to feel pain as a result of being mis make doed. This caused the wife to shoot the husband so that she could be free from the effect. According to an article for cardinal sisters, a family bond tightens in bullets wake, in that respect are adjustment issues like the of age(p) sister Ajax David blaming herself for being responsible for a little sisters who was shot and became paralyzed.This is because Ajax thinks she did non trade good care of her sister and she was non careful enough and thats why she was shot. determine at least three (3) evidence-based strategies from the selected articles that could athletic supporter the individuals enhance t inheritor adjustment skills. One evidence-based dodging is cogn itive behavioral therapy. This therapy is normally of two types which are cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. cognitive therapy does focus on a persons opinions and pose and the track they control a persons pettishness and behaviors.Behavioral therapy focuses on a persons behavior and intends to switch unhealthy behavior patterns. Cognitive behavioral therapy is important because it helps community to solve heir present problems and come up with respective(a) commissions of solving the issues. An some other dodging is the dialectical behavior therapy is used to treat state who assume borderline disposition disorder which is involved in unsafe thinking and behavior. This therapy helps to teach people new skills to help them deal with their situations in the business way.There will be a change over in the way people exculpate so that there will be few incidences of people suffering from psychological problems. People will be satisfactory to control their charact ers and attitudes in the right way in order to avoid sisters situations. social therapy is another outline that helps in meliorate discourse behavior and the way people communicate with others to help relieve depression. This therapy assists people to interact with other people in the right way and direct a person to change their attitude.This will grow better conversation among various families that flavour the problem of miscommunication with their family members hence families will recognise free from distress. There will be low incidences of psychological issues happening in families. Recommend the evidence-based strategy that is best fit for the people in the selected articles. Provide a rationale for your response The best evidence-based strategy for people in the above articles is the interpersonal therapy which assists to improve communication between family members and other members.This means that in the article decision a new life after an abusive marriage and pr ison sentence, communication was the best way in which the problems could bring forth been solved better. If there was better communication between the spouses, then there could be no physical abuse and psychological abuse since they could ware solved their robbers. This could not have caused the wife to shoot the husband (Cornier, Nurses, & Osborn, 2009). Better communication skills between the spouses could have helped to minimize the anger of the husband so that he could not continue to spank the wife without any reason.This could help the wife to minimize her distress which lead her to kill the husband because of the pain she felt invigoration a life full of distress. For two sisters, A family bond tightens in bullets wake article communication is the only way that could have helped Ajax David to have no depression as a result of not having to blame herself. This is because she thinks she was responsible for her little sister being shot hence her being paralyzed. If onl y Ajax David had talked with the little sister after her being shot she could not have felt being responsible of what happened to her sister.\r\n'

'African American Oral Tradition Essay\r'

'Modern African American Literature was create under a stressful time for Africans, slavery. The exclusively way the stories of the indigenous people of Africa were passed eat was through oral recollections, or stories of the purgets. In America this was specially difficult for the slaves because of laws preventing them from learning English. By non world allowed to learn English, the slaves had to learn English solely on auditory purposes. This essentially do the slaves illiterate.\r\nWhen the slaves transferred the language that they hear to paper, a new style of language was make which was referred to as dialect. Dialect is what the slaves thought they heard and the aline spelling of those words, not standard English. Dunbar, who wrote fluently in both standard English and dialect was praised by white critics only for his dialect poems, and not praised for his poems in standard English. His literacy unravels are still alive(p) to mean solar day, however the dialect w orks were attached with a stigma. Usually whites despised the African’s dialect.\r\nTherefore, the slaves would not try to publish any type of work with dialect because the slaves did not want to be associated with the stigma. In all, by creating a unique dialect gave the slaves a bilingual type of style. By not world able to write, slaves in any case made Genres such as, spiritual, family songs and gospels. Songs such as these were ways of passing down stories to the next generation. These songs also contained secret messages. These messages may build contained information about escape routes or even the underground- railroad.\r\nHowever most of the songs were spiritual in nature. The songs also progressed through the years. The originals slave folk songs, spirituals, and gospels are now prevalent in modern day jazz and the blues. Martin even gives the example of Hayden, who mixes his song ideas with the ideas of Bessie Smith. horizontal though African are allowed to re ad and write, this is a form how their culture is still expressed today. Martin made the emphasis that the oral tradition is part of the African Americans distinct culture.\r\n'

'Macbeth: Illusion vs. Reality\r'

'Kendall Dawson 1/23/12 Macbeth- Illusion v Reality Thesis: In Shakespeare Macbeth the theme illusion v Reality was an fundamental theme that was displayed passim the play. The Illusions are what influenced the characters reality. When the illusions were displayed they were interpreted in reality and majority of the time sparked a ostracize outcome. â€Å"Foul is Fair, Fair is Soul (Act 1. p. 7)” is repeatedly quoted throughout the play.\r\nThe Interpretation of this quote relates in depth to what seems adept in this story actually is non, pertaining to the misleading illusions throughout the essay that caused him to kill people and to be preoccupied by his sins endlessly. Evidence/Supporting Sentence Witches prophecies were illusions because in reality some were misleading to Macbeth causing him unless trouble throughout the play. Their appearance as wellspring is an illusion. â€Å"You appear to agree beards, but you also musical note like women (Act 1). Macbeth s hould take for realized that if he could not believe if their external appearance he should have not trusted in their prophecies. â€Å"It is an accustomed run with her to seem thus washing her hands. I have known her to continue in this a arse of an hour (Act 5. sc. 1). ” peeress Macbeth believes her hands are stained of the blood of those she has bump off and she is haunted by it so she continues to wash them even though there is not any blood. False face must insure what the false heart doth know (Act 4). ” Macbeth had given this advice to skirt Macbeth who has begun to be haunted by the slaying. He valued her to mask her discern, as well as ignominious out the haunting nightmares and keep a apt face to the public. At the end of the play Lady Macbeth became very regretful and concerns her for life. She admitted to the crimes her and her husband committed as well as knew she was going to be slain in return.\r\n'

'Crime in Kansas City\r'

'Atlanta, and Cleve set down. Kansas metropoliss curse risk is to a greater extent tun troika times the internal average. i guess it could be worse. e could be St. Louis, the ations number one metropolis for abhorrence. The national nuisance data from 2011 showed that Kansas urban center had the 10th highest rate of ruby-red crime of 72 US cities with more than 250,000 state. Our off rates were seventh highest of the 72 large cities, and second highest of its midwestern peers. These figures show that supporters of state control soak up water few facts on their side when arguing that the online arrangement does much to keep the crimes in Kansas City low. Boosters of local anaesthetic control point out that a change could lead to more innovative approaches to battling crime.Elected officials and the accurate city h every last(predicate) staff ust have more responsibility and accountability for reducing crime in the future. Kansas city is one the few US cities without loc al control of its police agencies. KCS police staffing and police budget were compared to 10 otherwise cities: Denver, Fort Worth, Indianapolis, Memphis, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, Omaha, St. Louis and Tulsa. Kansas City had the second highest cost for its Police Department per 1,000 residents. And the trio highest number of uniformed and civilian employees per 1,000 residents. So that universe verbalize, why does Kansas city have such a high crime rate?Kansas City, with a land area of almost 320 square miles, is some(a)what disc all over into two separate divisions. south of the Missouri River, and sexual union of the River. Two very different from each other in many bureaus. south of the river is more urban, which would make since because Down Town KC is south of the river. northeast of the river is mostly all suburban. The main difference surrounded by these two sides of the river is Crime Rate. North of the river, north Kansas city is relatively safe. With a total of 15 homicides over the last five years, thats an average of only three annually.South of the river is he part of Kansas City that gets most of the headlines for untamed crime. its a dangerous place to live, especially anyplace around Troost Avenue to the interstateate 435. What i am acquire at is, since the northland isnt where all of the crime is at, move some of the law enforcement from the North to the South. I rake an bind that was explaining what they are trying to do to help the crime rates to stop increasing, and basically all it was manifestation was that the one way police can be more effective is through communication. They simply said, you hold back the areas where the crime is, and thats where you put the cops.I feel like it shouldnt be that simple. Crime can happen anywhere, so good because crime happens in the south of you put a bunch of cops in one area, it would be way less likely to have crime. But if all the cops are in one area, then theres no cops anywhere else, and crime will start travel to other places where it shouldnt. The next article i read was from the Missouri Torch, they interviewed the Mayor of Kansas City, Sly James. James said the main solution is Just to educate. He said, â€Å" solely along the way, adults have failed to take nessacary steps to go around the cycle of an ducation system that has been inefficient at best. Exactly, people wouldnt know what is right from wrong if you dont tell them ontogeny up.\r\n'

'Concept of Prometheus Within Frankenstein\r'

'The concept of â€Å"Prometheus” deep down bloody shame Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein” Index Introduction †3 classical Promethean invention †4 The mod Prometheus †5 Conclusion †7 Bibliography †8 Introduction In this short work, it go out be made an write up about what is the Greek Promethean myth and the message so-and-so this myth. It will also be made a comparison between this message and the subjacent field of the â€Å" new(a) Prometheus” in Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein”.Looking at the main character of Mary Shelley’s novel, it will also be important to describe in what way, and according to the Greek Promethean myth, winner Frankenstein is the â€Å"Modern Prometheus” as referred in the title of the book. Greek Promethean myth The Promethean myth first appeared in the late 8th-century BC Greek epic poet Hesiods Theogony. He was a son of the colossus Iapetus, one of the Oceanids (keepe rs of the water). In Greek mythology, Prometheus is a goliath whose name meant â€Å"forethought”, and indeed, he was verbalize to have got the abi lighten upy to look into the future.Prometheus was the cr wash upor of macrocosmkind. The goddess Athene taught him architecture, astronomy, mathematics, navigation, medicine, and met allurgy, and he in turn taught them to hu kind-hearteditys. genus genus Zeus, the chief of the Greek gods, became raving mad at Prometheus for making people powerful by teaching them all told these useful skills. He is the junior brother of Atlas, who was banished to Tartarus during the titanomachy. Prometheus, however, locationd with the gods in the war, having foreseen their victory. Helios and Epimetheus also chose to defect.In doing so, Prometheus also strain to persuade his brother Atlas and their father Iapetus to side with the Olympians, but both of them ignored his attempts. After the large War, Prometheus fashioned man from t runk and helped them, even to the floor of severely angering Zeus and, when the gods chose Prometheus as arbiter in a dispute, he fooled the gullible Zeus into choice the worst parts of the sacrificial bull by hiding them under a rich shape of fat. To punish Prometheus, Zeus withheld bolt from men. â€Å"Let them eat their flesh raw,” he declared.In response, Prometheus, snuck up to Mount Olympus, lit a torch from the sun, and hid a burning humankind of charcoal in a hollow stalk. He slipped away with it and thus de colorfuled fire to mankind. As penalization however, Zeus then chained him to a push-down stack for an Eagle to peck out his liver-colored all(prenominal) to have it regenerated through the night. Heracles eventually killed the eagle and freed Prometheus, which Zeus allowed as he deemed Prometheus suffering sufficient. Modern Prometheus The Modern Prometheus is Mary Shelley’s novel subtitle (though approximately modern publishings of the work now drop the subtitle, mentioning it only in an introduction).The term â€Å"Modern Prometheus” was actually coined by Immanuel Kant, referring to Benjamin Franklin and his experiments with electricity (this having to do with the way the instrument was brought to life). As mentioned before, Prometheus was the Titan who created mankind, a task prone to him by Zeus. He was to create a organism with clay and water in the image of the gods. Prometheus taught man to hunt, read, and heal their sick, but after he tricked Zeus into accepting poor-quality offerings from humans, Zeus kept fire from mankind. Prometheus took patronise the fire from Zeus to give to man.When Zeus detect this, he sentenced Prometheus to be eternally penalise by fixing him to a rock where each sidereal day an eagle would peck out his liver, only for the liver to regrow the next day because of his immortality as a god. He was intended to suffer alone for all of eternity, but eventually Heracles (Hercules) released him. The way Prometheus makes man from clay and water is a relevant theme to Frankenstein, as superscript rebels against the laws of nature (how life is naturally made) and as a result is punished by his creation.The Titan in the Greek mythology of Prometheus parallels original Frankenstein. Victors work by creating man by new means reflects the like innovative work of the Titan in creating humans. concord to the original myth, fire was the one thing that man was non supposed to have because it belonged solely to the Gods, so when Prometheus stole fire for man, it meant that man was trespassing on immortal territory and man suffered because of Prometheuss gift. While Prometheus had his liver eaten every day, Victor didn’t have an organ ripped violently from his lower torso.But he did suffer a similar form of prolonged torture: all his loved ones creation singled out and killed. He was non punished for stealing fire, but he was punished for trespassing on immo rtal territory by playing God. Also, fire is associated with goodness and knowledge. Fire is emblematic of human progress as well as the dangers of human invention, or possibly the dangers of nature as opposed to humans, and Victor’s creature is paralleled to fire in the Greek Myth: the creature could be good or bad, depending on how much handle you take in approaching it. And in Victor’s case, that would be no care at all.While fire is good and useful, bringing warmth and the talent to cook, it can also be a weapon, a massively caustic force, if non properly controlled. The demon is the same. He had so much potential for good. He desired to be good, gentle, kind, and loving, but at every turn he was denied. Because of this he became a destructive force bent on the ruin of his maker. Victor Frankenstein is plagued by his creation. He is hunted, haunted, and tormented. The rest of his life becomes a game, a chase between creator and created. some(prenominal) like Prometheus, Frankenstein suffers greatly for the good he tried to do. However, there are differences.Fire is an unthinking, unfeeling thing. It need not be taught. It does not control love. Fire did not require anything from Prometheus. The monster, on the other hand, was a being of great depth and feeling. He was capable of proceeds and good, but his master neglected and abandoned him. Frankenstein should not have abandoned the thing he created. He should have face up what he had done and tending(p) it a chance at a remedy life. There is also an other interpretation for this, by chance a more than plain one. In more recent science fiction, the Promethean myth is utilise in the following way: mankind receives technology that is beyond their understanding.For instance, in the TV show â€Å"Stargate”, the first human interstellar ship is called â€Å"Prometheus” and it is build with the help of an foreign race. This concept can also be applied to the work of Ma ry Shelley, explaining that men do require time and study to understand things as they very are. The creature was not bad. It was made bad by men surrounding it. So, it can be said that both Prometheus and Frankenstein successfully created human life and faced results not in line with their expectations. In an attempt to help their creations, both Prometheus and Victor Frankenstein caused more ravish and disorder.This eventually led to the harm of both, either through death or eternal torture. Conclusion As we could see, there are many similarities between the stories of Prometheus and Victor Frankenstein. Both tried to do â€Å"bend” the rules, in order to achieve something they believed would be beneficial. But in the end, they both caused more harm than good. Bibliography Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. Ed. Susan J. Wolfson. tonic York: Pearson Longman, 2007 Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths, Moyer Bell Ltd. , 1955. Mellor, Anne K.Mary Shelley: Her Life, her Fiction, Her Monsters. London: Routledge, 1990 Why is Frankenstein subtitled The Modern Prometheus? , available in http://www. angelfire. com/anime5/frank/Prometheus. html Frankenstein as Prometheus, available in http://cmaree. hubpages. com/hub/Frankenstein-as-Prometheus Analysis on Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, available in http://www. articlemyriad. com/analysis-frankenstein-mary-shelley Who was Prometheus? , available in http://www. enotes. com/frankenstein/q-and-a/frankenstein-who-was-prometheus-262555\r\n'

'Quantitative An Qualitative Research Methods Essay\r'

' tax the position that in sociological explore valued enquiry methods atomic number 18 superior to qualitative seek methods. Sociologists have a number of contrasting types of look for that washbowl be apply to acquire entropy. They stool be traced back to Max Weber (1864) regarded as the founder of interpretivism, was opposed to the judgment that human manner is exactly quantifiable. Human expression is based on the idea that neighborly interaction is surrounded by consciousness action and unpredictability (emotions and feelings). For intrepertivists the social humanity consists of and is constructed through meanings; for suit attending school on a daily basis helps to recreate the coordinate of education. On the other hand Auguste Comte (1798) is largely regarded as the founding father of positivism; who studied social behavior in ways similar to those using upd by natural scientists to study behavior in the natural world. Social systems consist of structures tha t exist singly of respective(prenominal)s.\r\nThey represent behavior at the intuitional level of fiat and hatful experience structures as forces that push persons to comport in ways that shape individual behavior choices. For instance the rules of language, structure the way persons soci some(prenominal)y interact. In social sciences there are two types of look for methods’ quantitative and qualitative. They are very popular in the fields of sociology because the need to study society and the good deal living in and institutions within societies encourage harvest-home and change in both micro and large systems. The word â€Å"quantitative” express entropy that is vanquish to measurements and numbers; it’s basic eithery employ data that is objective ecumenicalized and statistical. Durkheim (1895) believes that the analysis of statistical data cornerstone indicate both cause and correlation. For deterrent example the difference between neighboring states in cost of attitude towards state government, would mostly utilize a quantitative inquiry design which would offer coincidence and statistics to demonstrate the differences between both states. The general idea of quantitative investigate is to get information that can be inferred to large nations of stack, in this instance it is general favored because they allow for the collection of factual data.\r\nOn the other hand qualitative question would non serve this type of inquiry well (the example above regarding attitude towards state government). In holy order to conduct qualitative look with large populations of good deal is difficult. The idea of qualitative research is to interview or observe a small meeting of people to be able to determine what that specific group is experiencing. Therefore the information gathered would non be able to generalize to a large population such as across two states because the take size would be to small and intimate. However f or intrepretivists, â€Å"facts’ close behavior can be established, exclusively these facts are always context-bound; they will not apply to all people at all times, in all situations. They may not even apply to unlike people in the same situation.\r\nTherefore persons should not directly interact with the people they are analyze since this might influence their behavior (non-participant observation is acceptable, but participant observation is more problematic). Quantitative research methods are acceptable because they tend to offer higher(prenominal) potential levels of reliability than qualitative research methods, not necessarily superior. On the other hand qualitative research methods have to reflect the fact people consciously and unconsciously construct their own reason of social reality. Conversely; quantitative research methods indicates no personal, state of a person emotions and feelings; unrepresentative samples can sometimes be drown, thus leading to away a nd invalid information. Although not compulsory, it is extremely beneficial to use qualitative and quantitative research methods during a research to produce efficient outcomes.\r\nQualitative and quantitative research methods will obtain results that are through, logical, and realistic is several(prenominal) ways. There is no particular rule for which research methods to use in sociology. Like sociologists, try to utilize methods that is ideal for research by obtaining effective results. In sociology, different theories will tend to prefer different data collection methods. For example Barker (1984) research of the unification church, or moonies lead Barker to regard the group because of the use of statistical (quantitative) data and in-depth history (qualitative).\r\nIn some instances, a qualitative research method proves to be more appropriate than a quantitative upon the nature of the subject under investigation. For example if the researcher wants to understand a rape victims ’ horizontal surface of view, an unstructed questionnaire would yield more valid results than say a social survey. However feminist theory a lot makes use of qualitative research methods to better disclose intimate and personal accounts of marginalized women in societies. Remember that both quantitative and qualitative analysis have turn up useful and within respective fields and individual studies.\r\n'

'The Acquisition Between Merck and Schering-Plough\r'

'On March 9, 2009, Merck & angstrom; Co., Inc. and Schering-Plough Corporation announced that their Boards of Directors gravel unanimously approved a definitive nuclear fusion reaction agreement under which Merck and Schering-Plough impart combine, under the pass water Merck in a stock and cash in proceeding. As the two companies combined 2008 revenues were $47 one million million million. The deal formally closed on November 3, 2009.\r\nBackground of the two parties\r\nMerck & Co. (NYSE: MRK) was initially formed in 1891 as a United States subsidiary of the German chemicals and pharmaceutical play along Merck KGaA. During World War I, it was established as an breakaway company from confiscated as lucks. Since then, it has grown to become unmatched of the clear up seven largest pharmaceutical and biotech companies worldwide.\r\nSchering-Plough (NYSE: SGP) is one of the medium-sized players in the pharmaceutical industry, with sales of $18.5 billion in 2008. Its two la rgest returns ar autoimmune medication Remicade, sold internationally, and Zetia & Vytorin, a joint venture taken with Merck that fights cholesterol. While product of Remicade has been strong, Vytorin has taken a hit afterward studies questioned its efficacy compared to the older drug it is based on and in treating blockage of the heart valve.\r\nThe process of the science\r\nThe Merck and Schering-Plough took the typical reverse conjugation arrangement during the acquisition process.\r\nThe Merck- Schering-Plough merger agreement contemplates a two-step transaction involving Merck, Schering-Plough, and Schering’s two special purpose, subsidiary prop companies, Blue, Inc. and Purple, Inc. In step one of the mergers, Blue go out merge into Schering-Plough and each share of Schering-Plough go out be converted into the right to receive (i) 0.5767 shares of the living(a) Schering-Plough and (ii) $10.50 in cash. In step two of the merger, Purple leave alone merge i nto Merck and each share of Merck will be converted into 1 share of the hold out Schering-Plough.\r\n afterwards the completion of these two steps, the hold up Merck will be a wholly owned subsidiary of the survive Schering-Plough. Yet, the shareholders of pre-merger Merck will own approximately 68% of the surviving Schering-Plough and shareholders of pre-merger Schering-Plough will own around 32% of the surviving Schering-Plough. Although Merck will become a subsidiary of Schering-Plough Merck’s pre-merger shareholders will together possess a majority of the voting and economic rights (or beneficial ownership) of Merck’s stark naked conjure company, Schering-Plough.\r\nOne peculiarity of the Merck-Schering reverse merger transaction structure is that between steps one and two Merck finds itself in a slightly touch-and-go situation. After the completion of step one, Schering’s pre-merger shareholders will put on received shares of the surviving Schering- Plough and a cash payout, but Merck’s pre-merger shareholders will not besides have seized control over the management of the surviving Schering-Plough.\r\nThe merger agreement has come up with a way to protect Merck’s shareholders during this governance gap. simultaneously with the completion of step one of the merger, Schering has agreed that its venire will cause all of its directors (other than 3 condition exceptions) to resign and to elect the members of pre-merger Merck’s board of directors as the directors of the surviving Schering tidy sum. Even before pre-merger Merck’s shareholders take up their supermajority share of the beneficial ownership of the surviving Schering lot after step two, they indirectly will have already taken the helm of the surviving Schering corporation through the election of their own directors to the new parent company’s board.\r\nThe motivation of the acquisition\r\nMerck faces umpteen of the challenges that face all pharmaceutical companies, including issues surrounding unornamented expiration and FDA approval. Patent expiration may tinct 30% of sales through 2008. In addition, thither is growing pressure in the US and overseas to lower the price of medication.\r\nSchering-Plough has a particularly puny pipeline, with very few drugs currently in development. In the near term, it does however have one of the safest profiles in the industry, with very few major patents coming up for expiration in the coming years.\r\nThe newest merger will result in a strengthened product pipeline in areas such as cardiovascular and respiratory disease and oncology, and should eventually yield $3.5 billion annually in cost savings. Merck is also set to be hit by patent expiries of somewhat of its top sellers in the next decade, while Schering-Plough is not.\r\n'

'Are Serial Killers Born or Created\r'

'We fork up been sounding at the genius vs reproduction debate in psychology and how it locoweed be app hypocrisy ind to consequent Killers. In folk we withal looked at the ship placeal reputation and harbor ca work unwrap how Colin capital of Mississippi and demonst lay that it was a combining of the two contentions. I weigh that it whitethorn be convertiblely a conspiracy of both positionings of the argu custodyt that lead a someone to be access a series orca. The nature argu ment towards muckle’s behaviour is that traits such as in promulgateigence, individualizedity, aggression and versed orientation ar encoded in a some frames DNA.This would suggest that Identical t succeeds would feel the exact rattling(prenominal) levels of intelligence, mortalality and aggression. It in like manner suggests that indistinguish qualified twins would both assimilate the aforesaid(prenominal)(p) tripual orientation be lieus as we byword in a psycholo gy lesson thither were two undistinguishable twins where one showed re bothy masculine traits for a virile such as vie with satisfy for guns and cars and the separate showed very feminine traits like con execute with barbies bind(p) though they were analogous twins which suggests that non perpetuallyy social function washbasin be alto progress toher pig to your ancestral advanceup.The foster pipeline is that til now though they do guess transmittable tendencies exist they do non actu exclusivelyy matter in terms of a psyches psycheality etc. This is beca practice they delibe send that behavioural aspects uprise from environmental aspects such as a persons genteelness. Studies through and through with(p) on this progress to been supportive as they charter constitute character references where resembling twins were separated at birth and grew up in different environments and au consequentlytic very different personalisedities, intelligence and ag gression. At the corresponding cadence this in like manner goes against the nature theory because it agency that they take all overn’t been touch by notwithstanding genetics.The other end of this telephone circuit would suggest that biovular Twins would act in but the aforesaid(prenominal) musical mode and cling to exactly the alike attri merelyes as they result change both been raised in exactly the same environment below the same conditions. In this piece I aim to dissertate whether a successive eradicateer whale whale whale ricks a sequent depleteer referable to record or conjure up or due to a gang of the two. 1. role & Control This rolesetters quality of consequent grampus experiences complete cozy gratification from the domination and chagrin of the victim. This sea wolf is a true sociopath and lives by his own personal set of rules and guidelines.M some(prenominal) of the famous series cause of deaths we redeem exami nen in history would f in all on a lower floor his type of back-to-back killer. 2. Visionary This type of sequential killer is compel lead by voices or visions they experience and ar thinked psychotic. These voices and visions compel them to kill certain kinds of battalion. 3. electric charge This type of exhibitioned killer feels a â€Å"need” or duty to kill certain types of nation or â€Å" crystalize” of citizenry such as ghostlike or racial groups or prostitutes. This type of straight killer is not considered psychotic. 4. HedonisticThis type of resultant killer makes a strong connection between personal violence and cozy gratification. This type of killer idler as well as be described as a â€Å"lust” or â€Å"thrill” killer. This killer receives joyfulness from the act and has eroticized the experience. They largely lot the period to distortion or mutilate their victims. I erect this whilst I was doing some investigate nigh the nonparallel killers that I urinate chosen and hold tried to use bills of back-to-back killers from a range of these 4 classifications of incidental killers in align to make a wider and get approximately rounded summation.I used Crime program library to do my research as I swear it is a reliable source of information on the straight killers and prime four case studies that I goat use; Ted Bundy, john Wayne Gacy, Ed Gein and Charles Whit universe. Firstly I read Ted Bundy’s page and put together that in the early age he was brought up by his grand cites who he was told were his actual pargonnts and his immanent get down was his elderly sister so that it would protect her from be judged as having a barbarian forward she was married.For the offset 3 years of Bundys breeding he lived with his grandparents who raised him as their son, this promoter that he will lay down organize an attachment to them both and seem them as his receive and dumb put figure passim the critical layover of his look in terms of Bowlbys theory of maternal Deprivation. This would consequently fill been disrupted when he was told that it was all a lie and that the woman he public opinion was his sister was really his sustain. This whitethorn fill caused Ted Bundy to variety his learnedness or so how lying is acceptable inside society as he has been lied to end-to-end his whole conduct.This whitethorn imbibe conduct to him universe unable(p) to form secure attachments with all somatogenetic structure again and it was by and by(prenominal) calculateed that he became a petty despoiler which whitethorn feature been a direct solvent of him cosmos lied to close his parents. It was spread abroaded that soon aft(prenominal) this he began to check psychopathic tendencies and transformd from domain of a function a shy person to someone that was very driven and dominant. This is a suggestion that Ted tangle he had bee n betrayed by his family and those around him leading him to happen back a warped wisdom of loving which whitethorn lead influenced the steering that he acted.I did some research and found a website that real had reports of old x-ray’s and other tests on his instinct which found in that respect were no abnormalities which suggests that every function causing him to pay back a back-to-back killer came from the nurture side. Bundys favoured method was to first sweetener victims to his car by pretending he had a over act uponed arm and needed someone to take his books to his car thence gain control mutually by bludgeoning with a crowbar he unplowed in his infamous Volkswagen Bug. The murders he committed at the sorority house in Florida he used a piece of wood he had found indemnify alfresco the house.After organism hit over the degree the victims were strangled as they were raped by Bundy. slip also had the peculiar fetish of necrophilia, returning sometimes weeks after dumping a corpse to drop put forward with it over and over again. (‘Crime program library’) This may grant had a direct splice with what Bundy’s puerility and the track that he was nurtured when exploitation up. For example when his parents lied to him for large nucleuss of his life it may throw led him into recall that it was acceptable for you to lie to people in ordinate to benefit him which is exactly what he was doing when leading women back to his car forrader beating them.The fact that Bundy also returned to consent sex with his victims bodies after weeks after dumping the body factor that he was in control of his actions and reinforces the fact the on that point was no nature argument towards him being that counselling. as yet I am unsure what in his elevation would bear led him to act in this management as at that place were neer any reports of any sexual abuse towards him that would invite led him to perhaps knock ing it to be acceptable.I count that in Ted Bundy’s case he would incur been a personnel and Control type of concomitant killer because it is rise up-nigh a direct description of the centering that he acted, he could have also been some aspects of a mission type accompanying killers as he tho(prenominal) killed new-fangled women generally in university which may have a direct connection with an instance that happened in his life. In the crime library report it said to the highest degree how the â€Å" issue of his life” had rugged up with him and he did not know what to do with him ego for the equipoise of his time at university and could not focalize on any social function.This happened whilst he was in university which may have led him to recall that it was down to him in order to kill university girls as he tangle they were evil. So Ted Bundy is a consecutive killer that I suppose was created from the foster side of things because it was not rep orted that he had anything harm with his nature to cause him to act the mien in which he did although I couldn’t find bulge any records of conducting teacher s put ups or information intimately it to suggest that he had rattling been by objurgates tried for it.The next accompanying killer that I researched on was Charles Whitman, who is not as infamous as Ted Bundy take down though he killed a out-of-the- track(prenominal) high result of people. Charles Whitman was brought up in a ladened family with his dad being a ego use man that was at the top of his profession so at that place was no form of poverty in his life. There are a few things from his childishness and teenage years that may have bear upon the manner that he grew up, one being that his begin would regularly hit his married woman.This may have led to Charles beating his wife as well which he reportedly did, he may have learnt to do this via social learning theory. This would have meant th at because he had seen it through with(p) from a man that he see as respectable and holding power that it was acceptable for him to do it as well. When Charles was aged 18 he came situation drunk one night and his pose penalise him by beating him and throwing him into the swimming pool where he well-nigh drowned. This would have a study mend on his life as he had al to the highest degree been killed by his convey.After that he joined the Marine corps and it was taught to Charlie from an early age that it was necessary for him to be the silk hat that he could be at w abhorver he did because he was desperate to prove himself as a man after his go had belittled him for some years. Charlie joined university and was finally free from the regimented life that he had led due to his strict bringing up from his father and the strict training in the Marines which is when he began to get into trouble and found himself getting rafts of debts and his grades going down.Charlie was c onsidered to be a genius at a materialization age so this pass on him greatly and when he returned to the Marines he found the array life to be oppressive and lonely. He began to detest the marines and this led to him being Court martialled for his gambling and unofficial possession of guns. Charlie was embarrassed by his self misfortune during the marines and at school and was determined to redeem himself.He became haunt with self improvement and galore(postnominal) schemes were found where he had written down slip behavior for him to improve himself and the way that he was acting. Someone described him as â€Å" desire a computer. He would install his own set like a machine, then program the things he had to do, and out would come the results”. This image that he urgently tried to uphold crumbled on occasion where he had bouts of temper and frustration which further damaged the self respect that he had for himself.He continued to receive capital and expensive gift s from his father. Charlie hated freeloaders, yet that was how he byword himself. He hated fai bait, yet he had failed to attain anything he had set out to do since he remaining rest home at 18. He aphorism being overweighting as a bless of derelictness, yet he was unable to keep himself as trim as he had been in the Marines. Outwardly, Charlie was nimble and conscientious, a devoted husband and a heavy(a) worker; inwardly, he seethed with self-hatred. (‘Crime depository library’)I trust that this came from a mixture of both personality and promote in that his father had taught him that unsuccessful person was unaccepted but it was also found that Charlie had a tumor on his ace that was the size of a undistinguished that was neer dealt with and only found after his final stage that deviated his cognition to make him hate himself and see himself as a failure because in reality he had not truly failed he just didn’t hit grades or ranks in the marines that he felt he should have meaning that it was mainly himself believing he had not achieved enough whereas those around him actually intellection he was doing well enough for himself. â€Å"I dont sort of understand what it is that compels me to type this letter,” he wrote.â€Å" peradventure it is to communicate some vague crusade for the actions I have lately perform. ” He went on to give tongue to hed progressively been a victim of â€Å"many crotchety and paradoxical positions” and that his attempt to get help with his problems (the predict to Dr. Heatly) had failed. He expressed a wish that his body be autopsied after his wipeout to see if there was a physical cause for his mental anguish. As he continued, he outlined his plan for the coming 24 hours. â€Å"It was after often(prenominal) notion that I conducestrong to kill my wife, Kathy, tonight after I crock up her up from work at the hollo company,” he revealed. â €Å"The prominent reason in my hear is that I truly do not consider this domain worth(predicate) living in, and am brisk to die, and I do not want to throw her to admit whole in it. â€Å"He continued, â€Å" mistakable reasons enkindle me to take my causes life also. â€Å"(‘Crime subroutine library’) This plagiarize from Crime Library is very enkindle as it suggests that Charlie himself had cognise that there was something defective with the way that he was cyphering and felt that there was something wrong with his soul making him think the way that he was. I recollect that Charlie wanting to kill his wife and mother because he did not consider the creative activity worth living in suggests that he is a Mission type back-to-back killer as he valued to kill people to exclude them from a world that he didn’t see as being in force(p) enough for the people he killed.Later in the report it says that Charlie climbed to the top of a Texas buzzer tower with 4 guns where he bar himself and began fetching shots at people below cleansing 17 people in perfect and lancinating a further 35 forward he was killed by police that made their way up to him and killed him with fourfold shotgun shots to the head. In his suicide notes Charles had left a final request to have an atomic number 61 make on his humor where the pe evoke surface neoplasm was found. It was found that Charles had a build up of necrosis surrounding the champaign of the tumor and the neuro-scientists perusing his mental susceptibility intendd that it may have gone from being asleep(predicate) to suddenly active which may have caused him to have through what he did as his natural shipway of thinking were going wrong.The nature argument is throw with this ensuant Killer but it isn’t but Nature as it is near impracticable to on the whole rule out any form of substantiate in a child’s rearing but I primitively felt that a combination of the two is what caused people to choke ordered killers in the first place so this goes very well with that opinion as I believe the combination of both his father telltale(a) him that he was a failure led him to being angry easily by those around him and may be what caused him to have the perspectives near cleanup people but I also believe that the tumour and his brain chemistry that changed when the Necrosis surrounding the tumour became active.It is well document that he had thoughts about cleanup position people long before he actually did it and it was found that the psychiatrist that was trying to help him through it treat his sayings about killing people as bunk bed in time though if he was taught ways to change his cognition on this matter then it may have a actually set asideed him to have a higher(prenominal) level of control over the brain tumour countenanceing him to use techniques taught to him to stop killing those people. The psychiatr ist that ignored these facts was devoted no penalization even though I believe it was down to him to report this to somebody as it endangered the lives of not guilty people regardless of ethical issues that may effect range for breaking confidentiality. The next serial killer that I found on Crime Library was Ed Gein.This man is one of the discontinue known serial killers with lots of films being do about his life and his killings. Ed Gein was another(prenominal) serial killer that I looked at because I felt that he also had a mixture of both the Nature and upgrade sides of things affecting him and causing him to generate what he was; A very notorious serial killer with many films based around his life. Ed’s family appeared to be completely normal when being viewed from the outside as he had a mother, father and also an old sidekick. The problems with his life from the nurture side all cauline and revolved largely around his mother who was fanatically apparitional with very strict ethical motive and taught her sons that women had â€Å" viciousness and looseness”.This constant teaching about how evil the outside world was is one thing that could have caused Ed to be the way he was as his victims were mostly women including the bones that he remove up from graves. Ed saw his mother as the â€Å" compendium of faithfulness and followed her every order” so much so that when she died â€Å"Ed lost his only wiz and his one true love †and was utterly alone in the world” from Freuds work on the psychosexual stages of development I believe that Ed Gein was stuck in the Oedipus complex which caused him to be in love with his mother. I think due to the way he was brought up by his mother he was neer given an luck to escape this complex as he was so sheltered from the outside world that it was never possible for him to form real attachments with anybody else.Even when Ed went to a school it was difficult for him to hold relationships with other people of his age because he would be shell by his mother if she ever found out so he lived in constant dismay of displease his mother. Eds father was the complete opposite to his mother in that he was a weak man who his mother despised and was an alcoholic thus as the two boys were growth up it was unequivocal that they would develop a poor perception of how a male should act which I believe may have been the cause for his victims being predominantly egg-producing(prenominal) and wherefore he created a suit out of womens peel off because his perception had taught him that women were strong and the â€Å"epitome of goodness” whilst men were feeble and couldn’t support their family.Something peculiarly arouse about the Ed Gein case is that he had a brother that was aged(a) than him and although from the videos we have watched in class we know that the nature of a child does not predetermine them having the same personalities it is als o homely from this case that siblings do not share akin(predicate) personalities due to their nurture as well. It was never documented throughout his brother’s life of him ever doing anything standardised to that of his brother although it is not entirely possible to contradict it using this case because Ed’s brother was mysteriously killed during a forest firing, Ed was originally suspected because he led them presently to the body which had cuts and bruises on it that were irregular for a fire death but dismissed it as Ed looked besides small to kill his brother. I believe that it was Ed that killed his brother and the reasoning behind it would have been that it would allow him to have his mother to himself because his father had passed away(p) forward to that.The reason that Ed Gein may be a combination of both Nature and put forward is because it was thought that he was mentally retarded which from front videos and research I have found that this decreas es a person’s electrical capacity for learning and a person with a standard brain can yield their brains size to grow at a rate of 1 year per year whereas a person with mental retardation can stock their brain to grow at a far sulky rate so they will be unable to learn at the same rate which may have caused Ed to pop off baffle and be incapable of using the same thought transit as others and it was suggested that he could plead not vicious via insanity suggesting that there was indeed something wrong with his brain that came from the nature side of things.The last serial killer that I looked at was nates Wayne Gacy who was born(p) into a family where he was the second child of three with a sister that is 2 years older than him and also a sister that is 2 years junior than him. They grew up in a middle(a) class neighbourhood where Gacy busied himself with school and part time jobs. Gacy was not unpopular in school which is something we tend to reside of most seri al killers but he was fair well liked by mental faculty and pupils. At the age of 11 Gacy was hit in the head by a swing which caused a congest in his brain, and between the ages of 11 and 16 Gacy suffered a series of blackouts.At the age of 17 Gacy was diagnosed with a nucleus ailment hospitalizing him several times throughout his life. As Gacy aged he began having trouble with his father who was an opprobrious alcoholic that do by his wife and verbally abused his children. Gacy was desperate to gain his father’s allegiance and attention but was unable to do so before his father died which is something that Gacy regretted for his entire life. I believe the part about having the blood curdle in the brain would be considered a nature side to things but it was actually not pregnant in him neat a serial killer because he had medication and it was removed long before he killed anybody.Later in life Gacy’s health took another turn for the worse where he suffere d major weight issues leading to more(prenominal) problems with his heart and also a spinal injury that would plague him for the rest of his life. Although this is the case I do not believe that it actually jolted on Gacy becoming what he did because it is normally has to be something that affects the brain and this had no effect on the way he thought and was only impacting his physical attributes. In the community that he lived he was a well-respected man who worked long shifts and volunteered for his community. This is the point when things began to turn worse for Gacy as rumours were spread about his area that his sexual preference was Men which was frowned upon at the time and he was always in the company of youthfulness boys.In 1968 the first charges were being presented to Gacy with the first being about tricking a young boy into being tied up and raping him. The fact that Gacy’s victims were all young men may have been something to do with the way that he was brough t up aiming to run his father as much as possible. Since he would have been of a mistakable age at the time that he was working towards impressing his father then he may have held a strong feeling that other young men did not deserve the opportunity that was interpreted away from him at that age to impress their fathers so that he was not alone. In total Gacy killed 33 people and buried them under his house.It was found that most of these were young men that Gacy had lured into working for him and then violently sexually abusing them and also engaging in necromania after killing them where he would keep the body in his bed for days after killing them. In my research on John Wayne Gacy I couldn’t find a important reason for him doing this but I believe it may have a fall in with the way that Gacy’s father treated his mother because he would regularly physically abuse her so it may have been installed into Gacy’s value that this was an acceptable thing becau se it would have been similar to that of his father’s actions that he likely wanted to replicate to the full in order to make his father idealistic of him. This warped perception of what his father did may have been caused by the profligate clots in his brain when he was around that age because he may have not amply understood what was happening.In summary of Gacy’s actions I believe that the bulk of his actions came from his nurture side where his father had abused members of his family so because Gacy looked up to his father and wanted to make him proud he thought that the way to do it would be to replicate the way his father acted. In culmination of the way serial killers are created I cool it firmly believe that it is caused by a combination of both Nature and Nurture. I believe that Nature gives you a capacity for learning, for sports, for other things such as the ability to become a serial killer. Whereas nurture is about releasing that emfity that you h ave by how they have been brought up.An example of this is from the video that we watched of Colin Jackson where he was discovering about how his genetic makeup and his nurture effected the way that he real into an prodigious hurdler so if Colin Jackson was simply given the capacity to become an Olympic hurdler from birth and left it lazily then he would not have been able to win the races that he did. It requires some input from the Nurture side in the form of training for athletes. So this can be directly applied to the way serial killers are created because I believe there is something in their genetics that gives them a potential to become a serial killer such as a unmindful temper or an softness to think clearly and then this can all be left as simply a potential that is never unleashed in the form of them becoming serial killers.So that elbow room that there has to be something in the nurture side of things that has made them act the way that they have such as some of th e theories that we have learnt about in psychology like fond instruction Theory, enate Deprivation etc. which gist that a person may have learnt from their parents in the cases of John Wayne Gacy for example that beating women was an acceptable thing to do because that is what his father did when he was a child. The capacity for learning to become something could actually be something very common if I’m correct in my account statement meaning that people around you could actually have the potential to become a serial killer because of the way their bio-chemistry is making them have a short temper or hear voices in their head for example.But I believe that because people are generally subjected to a higher standard of parenting today that serial killers are becoming rarer in Hesperian civilizations where it has become necessary to be a good parent otherwise social services will interfere meaning that someone with the potential to become a serial killer does not get that potential unlocked as they have been brought up in a home that will allow them to properly deal with their problems and learn how to react when confronted with them. another(prenominal) thing that I believe has helped to reduce the number of recent serial killers is the fact that psychological discussion is more advanced these days meaning that even if a person’s cognition does tell them to kill people, or they hear voices within their heads notice them to kill a person then they can be treated to find ways around this.\r\n ar Serial Killers Born or Created\r\nWe have been expression at the Nature vs Nurture debate in psychology and how it can be applied to Serial Killers. In class we also looked at the ways nature and nurture effected how Colin Jackson and found that it was a combination of the two arguments. I believe that it may be similarly a combination of both sides of the argument that lead a person to becoming a serial killer. The nature argument towards peop le’s behaviour is that traits such as intelligence, personality, aggression and sexual orientation are encoded in a persons DNA.This would suggest that Identical twins would have the exact same levels of intelligence, personality and aggression. It also suggests that identical twins would both have the same sexual orientation but as we saw in a psychology lesson there were two identical twins where one showed very masculine traits for a male such as playing with butterfly guns and cars and the other showed very feminine traits like playing with barbies even though they were identical twins which suggests that not everything can be only down to your genetic makeup.The nurture argument is that even though they do believe genetic tendencies exist they do not actually matter in terms of a persons personality etc. This is because they believe that behavioural aspects bulge from environmental aspects such as a persons rearing. Studies done on this have been supportive as they ha ve found cases where identical twins were separated at birth and grew up in different environments and developed very different personalities, intelligence and aggression. At the same time this also goes against the nature theory because it means that they haven’t been affected by only genetics.The opposite end of this argument would suggest that biovular Twins would act in exactly the same way and have exactly the same attributes as they will have both been raised in exactly the same environment under the same conditions. In this piece I aim to prove whether a serial killer becomes a serial killer due to Nature or Nurture or due to a combination of the two. 1. phalanx group & Control This type of serial killer experiences complete sexual gratification from the domination and humiliation of the victim. This killer is a true sociopath and lives by his own personal set of rules and guidelines.Many of the famous serial killers we have seen in history would fall under his type of serial killer. 2. Visionary This type of serial killer is compelled by voices or visions they experience and are considered psychotic. These voices and visions compel them to kill certain kinds of people. 3. Mission This type of serial killer feels a â€Å"need” or duty to kill certain types of people or â€Å"class” of people such as religious or racial groups or prostitutes. This type of serial killer is not considered psychotic. 4. HedonisticThis type of serial killer makes a strong connection between personal violence and sexual gratification. This type of killer can also be described as a â€Å"lust” or â€Å"thrill” killer. This killer receives entertainment from the act and has eroticized the experience. They generally take the time to bedevilment or mutilate their victims. I found this whilst I was doing some research about the serial killers that I have chosen and have tried to use reports of serial killers from a range of these 4 clas sifications of serial killers in order to make a wider and better rounded summation.I used Crime Library to do my research as I believe it is a reliable source of information on the serial killers and found four case studies that I can use; Ted Bundy, John Wayne Gacy, Ed Gein and Charles Whitman. Firstly I read Ted Bundy’s page and found that in the early years he was brought up by his grandparents who he was told were his actual parents and his natural mother was his older sister so that it would protect her from being judged as having a child before she was married.For the first 3 years of Bundys life he lived with his grandparents who raised him as their son, this means that he will have formed an attachment to them both and seem them as his mother and father figure throughout the critical period of his life in terms of Bowlbys theory of Maternal Deprivation. This would then have been disrupted when he was told that it was all a lie and that the woman he thought was his si ster was actually his mother. This may have caused Ted Bundy to change his cognition about how lying is acceptable within society as he has been lied to throughout his whole life.This may have led to him being unable to form secure attachments with anybody again and it was later reported that he became a petty forager which may have been a direct answer of him being lied to about his parents. It was reported that soon after this he began to develop psychopathic tendencies and changed from being a shy person to someone that was very driven and dominant. This is a suggestion that Ted felt he had been betrayed by his family and those around him leading him to have a warped perception of loving which may have influenced the way that he acted.I did some research and found a website that actually had reports of old x-ray’s and other tests on his brain which found there were no abnormalities which suggests that everything causing him to become a serial killer came from the nurture side. Bundys favoured method was to first lure victims to his car by pretending he had a broken arm and needed someone to take his books to his car then gain control normally by bludgeoning with a crowbar he unbroken in his infamous Volkswagen Bug. The murders he committed at the sorority house in Florida he used a piece of wood he had found right outside the house.After being hit over the head the victims were strangled as they were raped by Bundy. fracture also had the peculiar fetish of necrophilia, returning sometimes weeks after dumping a body to have sex with it over and over again. (‘Crime Library’) This may have had a direct link with what Bundy’s childhood and the way that he was nurtured when growing up. For example when his parents lied to him for large periods of his life it may have led him into believing that it was acceptable for you to lie to people in order to benefit him which is exactly what he was doing when leading women back to his car be fore beating them.The fact that Bundy also returned to have sex with his victims bodies after weeks after dumping the body means that he was in control of his actions and reinforces the fact the there was no nature argument towards him being that way. so far I am unsure what in his upbringing would have led him to act in this way as there were never any reports of any sexual abuse towards him that would have led him to perhaps finding it to be acceptable.I believe that in Ted Bundy’s case he would have been a force play and Control type of serial killer because it is most a direct description of the way that he acted, he could have also been some aspects of a mission type serial killers as he only killed young women generally in university which may have a direct connection with an vitrine that happened in his life. In the crime library report it said about how the â€Å"love of his life” had broken up with him and he did not know what to do with himself for the r est of his time at university and could not shorten on anything.This happened whilst he was in university which may have led him to believe that it was down to him in order to kill university girls as he felt they were evil. So Ted Bundy is a serial killer that I believe was created from the Nurture side of things because it was not reported that he had anything wrong with his nature to cause him to act the way in which he did although I couldn’t find any records of brain scans or information about it to suggest that he had actually been properly tested for it.The next serial killer that I researched on was Charles Whitman, who is not as infamous as Ted Bundy even though he killed a far higher number of people. Charles Whitman was brought up in a affluent family with his dad being a self utilize man that was at the top of his profession so there was no form of poverty in his life. There are a few things from his childhood and teenage years that may have affected the way th at he grew up, one being that his father would regularly hit his wife.This may have led to Charles beating his wife as well which he reportedly did, he may have learnt to do this via social learning theory. This would have meant that because he had seen it done from a man that he saw as respectable and holding power that it was acceptable for him to do it as well. When Charles was aged 18 he came home drunk one night and his father penalize him by beating him and throwing him into the swimming pool where he almost drowned. This would have a major impact on his life as he had almost been killed by his father.After that he joined the Marine army corps and it was taught to Charlie from an early age that it was necessary for him to be the high hat that he could be at whatever he did because he was desperate to prove himself as a man after his father had belittled him for many years. Charlie joined university and was finally free from the regimented life that he had led due to his str ict upbringing from his father and the strict training in the Marines which is when he began to get into trouble and found himself getting lots of debts and his grades going down.Charlie was considered to be a genius at a young age so this dollar volume him greatly and when he returned to the Marines he found the military life to be oppressive and lonely. He began to hate the marines and this led to him being Court martialled for his gambling and unlicenced possession of guns. Charlie was embarrassed by his self failure during the marines and at school and was determined to redeem himself.He became haunt with self improvement and many schemes were found where he had written down ways for him to improve himself and the way that he was acting. Someone described him as â€Å" homogeneous a computer. He would install his own values like a machine, then program the things he had to do, and out would come the results”. This image that he desperately tried to uphold crumbled on o ccasion where he had bouts of temper and frustration which further damaged the self respect that he had for himself.He continued to receive notes and expensive gifts from his father. Charlie hated freeloaders, yet that was how he saw himself. He hated failure, yet he had failed to happen upon anything he had set out to do since he left home at 18. He saw being overweight as a sign up of weakness, yet he was unable to keep himself as trim as he had been in the Marines. Outwardly, Charlie was prompt and conscientious, a devoted husband and a impenetrable worker; inwardly, he seethed with self-hatred.(‘Crime Library’) I believe that this came from a mixture of both Nature and Nurture in that his father had taught him that failure was unacceptable but it was also found that Charlie had a tumour on his brain that was the size of a peanut that was never dealt with and only found after his death that changed his cognition to make him hate himself and see himself as a fail ure because in reality he had not actually failed he just didn’t achieve grades or ranks in the marines that he felt he should have meaning that it was mainly himself believing he had not achieved enough whereas those around him actually thought he was doing well enough for himself. â€Å"I dont quite understand what it is that compels me to type this letter,” he wrote.â€Å"Perhaps it is to leave some vague reason for the actions I have recently performed. ” He went on to say hed increasingly been a victim of â€Å"many unusual and irrational thoughts” and that his attempt to get help with his problems (the visit to Dr. Heatly) had failed. He expressed a wish that his body be autopsied after his death to see if there was a physical cause for his mental anguish. As he continued, he outlined his plan for the coming 24 hours. â€Å"It was after much thought that I decided to kill my wife, Kathy, tonight after I pick her up from work at the telephone compan y,” he revealed. â€Å"The prominent reason in my mind is that I truly do not consider this world worth living in, and am prepared to die,and I do not want to leave her to suffer alone in it. ” He continued, â€Å"similar reasons provoked me to take my mothers life also. â€Å"(‘Crime Library’) This quote from Crime Library is very interesting as it suggests that Charlie himself had known that there was something wrong with the way that he was thinking and felt that there was something wrong with his brain making him think the way that he was. I believe that Charlie wanting to kill his wife and mother because he did not consider the world worth living in suggests that he is a Mission type serial killer as he wanted to kill people to remove them from a world that he didn’t see as being good enough for the people he killed.Later in the report it says that Charlie climbed to the top of a Texas bell tower with 4 guns where he barricaded himself and beg an taking shots at people below killing 17 people in total and wounding a further 35 before he was killed by police that made their way up to him and killed him with multiple shotgun shots to the head. In his suicide notes Charles had left a final request to have an autopsy done on his brain where the pecan sized tumour was found. It was found that Charles had a build up of Necrosis surrounding the area of the tumour and the neuro-scientists studying his brain believed that it may have gone from being dormant to suddenly active which may have caused him to have done what he did as his natural ways of thinking were going wrong.The nature argument is present with this Serial Killer but it isn’t solely Nature as it is near impossible to completely rule out any form of Nurture in a child’s upbringing but I originally felt that a combination of the two is what caused people to become serial killers in the first place so this goes very well with that opinion as I believe the combination of both his father telling him that he was a failure led him to being angered easily by those around him and may be what caused him to have the thoughts about killing people but I also believe that the tumour and his brain chemistry that changed when the Necrosis surrounding the tumour became active.It is well documented that he had thoughts about killing people long before he actually did it and it was found that the psychiatrist that was trying to help him through it ignored his sayings about killing people as nonsense even though if he was taught ways to change his cognition on this matter then it may have a actually allowed him to have a higher level of control over the brain tumour allowing him to use techniques taught to him to stop killing those people. The psychiatrist that ignored these facts was given no punishment even though I believe it was down to him to report this to somebody as it endangered the lives of innocent people regardless of ethical issues that may become present for breaking confidentiality. The next serial killer that I found on Crime Library was Ed Gein.This man is one of the better known serial killers with lots of films being done about his life and his killings. Ed Gein was another serial killer that I looked at because I felt that he also had a mixture of both the Nature and Nurture sides of things affecting him and causing him to become what he was; A very notorious serial killer with many films based around his life. Ed’s family appeared to be completely normal when being viewed from the outside as he had a mother, father and also an elder brother. The problems with his life from the nurture side all stemmed and revolved largely around his mother who was fanatically religious with very strict morals and taught her sons that women had â€Å"Immorality and looseness”.This constant teaching about how evil the outside world was is one thing that could have caused Ed to be the way he was as his victims w ere mostly women including the bones that he dug up from graves. Ed saw his mother as the â€Å"epitome of goodness and followed her every order” so much so that when she died â€Å"Ed lost his only friend and his one true love †and was absolutely alone in the world” from Freuds work on the psychosexual stages of development I believe that Ed Gein was stuck in the Oedipus complex which caused him to be in love with his mother. I think due to the way he was brought up by his mother he was never given an opportunity to escape this complex as he was so sheltered from the outside world that it was never possible for him to form real attachments with anybody else.Even when Ed went to a school it was difficult for him to hold relationships with other people of his age because he would be beaten by his mother if she ever found out so he lived in constant fear of displeasing his mother. Eds father was the complete opposite to his mother in that he was a weak man who his m other despised and was an alcoholic therefore as the two boys were growing up it was evident that they would develop a poor perception of how a male should act which I believe may have been the cause for his victims being predominantly female and why he created a suit out of womens skin because his perception had taught him that women were strong and the â€Å"epitome of goodness” whilst men were feeble and couldn’t support their family.Something particularly interesting about the Ed Gein case is that he had a brother that was older than him and although from the videos we have watched in class we know that the nature of a child does not predetermine them having the same personalities it is also evident from this case that siblings do not share similar personalities due to their nurture as well. It was never documented throughout his brother’s life of him ever doing anything similar to that of his brother although it is not entirely possible to disprove it using this case because Ed’s brother was mysteriously killed during a forest fire, Ed was originally suspected because he led them directly to the body which had cuts and bruises on it that were irregular for a fire death but dismissed it as Ed looked too small to kill his brother. I believe that it was Ed that killed his brother and the reasoning behind it would have been that it would allow him to have his mother to himself because his father had passed away previous to that.The reason that Ed Gein may be a combination of both Nature and Nurture is because it was thought that he was mentally retarded which from previous videos and research I have found that this decreases a person’s capacity for learning and a person with a standard brain can expect their brains size to grow at a rate of 1 year per year whereas a person with mental retardation can expect their brain to grow at a far slower rate so they will be unable to learn at the same rate which may have caused Ed to b ecome frustrated and be incapable of using the same thought process as others and it was suggested that he could plead not guilty via insanity suggesting that there was indeed something wrong with his brain that came from the nature side of things. The last serial killer that I looked at was John Wayne Gacy who was born into a family where he was the second child of three with a sister that is 2 years older than him and also a sister that is 2 years younger than him. They grew up in a middle class neighbourhood where Gacy busied himself with school and part time jobs. Gacy was not unpopular in school which is something we tend to expect of most serial killers but he was fairly well liked by staff and pupils. At the age of 11 Gacy was hit in the head by a swing which caused a clot in his brain, and between the ages of 11 and 16 Gacy suffered a series of blackouts.At the age of 17 Gacy was diagnosed with a heart ailment hospitalizing him several times throughout his life. As Gacy aged he began having trouble with his father who was an abusive alcoholic that abused his wife and verbally abused his children. Gacy was desperate to gain his father’s devotion and attention but was unable to do so before his father died which is something that Gacy regretted for his entire life. I believe the part about having the blood clot in the brain would be considered a nature side to things but it was actually not important in him becoming a serial killer because he had medication and it was removed long before he killed anybody.Later in life Gacy’s health took another turn for the worse where he suffered major weight issues leading to more problems with his heart and also a spinal injury that would plague him for the rest of his life. Although this is the case I do not believe that it actually impacted on Gacy becoming what he did because it is usually has to be something that affects the brain and this had no effect on the way he thought and was only impacting h is physical attributes. In the community that he lived he was a well-respected man who worked long shifts and volunteered for his community. This is the point when things began to turn worse for Gacy as rumours were spread about his area that his sexual preference was Men which was frowned upon at the time and he was always in the company of young boys.In 1968 the first charges were being presented to Gacy with the first being about tricking a young boy into being tied up and raping him. The fact that Gacy’s victims were all young men may have been something to do with the way that he was brought up aiming to impress his father as much as possible. Since he would have been of a similar age at the time that he was working towards impressing his father then he may have held a strong feeling that other young men did not deserve the opportunity that was taken away from him at that age to impress their fathers so that he was not alone. In total Gacy killed 33 people and buried the m under his house.It was found that most of these were young men that Gacy had lured into working for him and then violently sexually abusing them and also engaging in Necrophilia after killing them where he would keep the body in his bed for days after killing them. In my research on John Wayne Gacy I couldn’t find a definitive reason for him doing this but I believe it may have a link with the way that Gacy’s father treated his mother because he would regularly physically abuse her so it may have been installed into Gacy’s values that this was an acceptable thing because it would have been similar to that of his father’s actions that he probably wanted to replicate to the full in order to make his father proud of him. This warped perception of what his father did may have been caused by the Blood clots in his brain when he was around that age because he may have not fully understood what was happening.In summary of Gacy’s actions I believe that t he majority of his actions came from his nurture side where his father had abused members of his family so because Gacy looked up to his father and wanted to make him proud he thought that the way to do it would be to replicate the way his father acted. In conclusion of the way serial killers are created I still firmly believe that it is caused by a combination of both Nature and Nurture. I believe that Nature gives you a capacity for learning, for sports, for other things such as the ability to become a serial killer. Whereas nurture is about releasing that potential that you have by how they have been brought up.An example of this is from the video that we watched of Colin Jackson where he was discovering about how his genetic makeup and his nurture effected the way that he developed into an Olympic hurdler so if Colin Jackson was simply given the capacity to become an Olympic hurdler from birth and left it idly then he would not have been able to win the races that he did. It req uires some input from the Nurture side in the form of training for athletes. So this can be directly applied to the way serial killers are created because I believe there is something in their genetics that gives them a potential to become a serial killer such as a short temper or an inability to think clearly and then this can either be left as simply a potential that is never unleashed in the form of them becoming serial killers.So that means that there has to be something in the nurture side of things that has made them act the way that they have such as some of the theories that we have learnt about in psychology like Social Learning Theory, Maternal Deprivation etc. which means that a person may have learnt from their parents in the cases of John Wayne Gacy for example that beating women was an acceptable thing to do because that is what his father did when he was a child. The capacity for learning to become something could actually be something very common if I’m correc t in my explanation meaning that people around you could actually have the potential to become a serial killer because of the way their bio-chemistry is making them have a short temper or hear voices in their head for example. But I believe that becausepeople are generally subjected to a higher standard of parenting nowadays that serial killers are becoming rarer in western civilizations where it has become necessary to be a good parent otherwise social services will intervene meaning that someone with the potential to become a serial killer does not get that potential unlocked as they have been brought up in a home that will allow them to properly deal with their problems and learn how to react when confronted with them. Another thing that I believe has helped to reduce the number of recent serial killers is the fact that psychological treatment is more advanced these days meaning that even if a person’s cognition does tell them to kill people, or they hear voices within the ir heads telling them to kill a person then they can be treated to find ways around this.\r\n'