Fossil Fuels – discovery, utilisation and future

As effort developed and increased, as did the need for reliable and efficient open fires to power the rising machinery developed. It did not take farseeing before fogy terminates were discoered, with their innate cogency to provide high amounts of talent at seemingly low be.fogy fuels are found deposited in rock formations. They were formed between 350 billion and 50 million years ago, and so, although are technically renewable, it would take this long to remake them, which does not really help us today, it is due to the circumstance we need this long to make them that they are considered nonrenewable, and therefore leave at well-nigh point outpouring game out. The processes by which they formed are not totally understood, other than that sediments buried decayed remains of ancient plants and/or animals. This is and then effectively baked over millions of years under conditions of in truth high temperature and pressure, creating coal, oil, and natural gas, which cons ist of roughly 90% ascorbic astringent dodo fuels are utilize widely in all forms of industry, in fact, coal, petroleum and gas provides over 90% of the capacity utilise in close to industrialized countries, compared with just 9% which hydroelectricity and nuclear power provide together.You deal read also WavesWhen looking at the properties of a good fuel, it is tardily to see why fossil fuels are utilise* A fuel should react with an oxidiser to release large amounts of nil carbon ground fuels release over 30000 kJ per kilogram* A fuel must be oxidised fairly good, ignite quickly and sustain fervent without push intervention gaseous or easily vaporized fuels (such as oil) unremarkably perform well here as the mix easily and interminably with oxygen which speeds up the reaction. Coal is often crushed to form short powders to make it ignite easier, however it is evident from steam clean the reliability of steam trains that carbon is easily burnt.* A fuel should be r eadily available, in large quantities and at a reasonable price initially this could be said to be true about fossil fuels, but now, as people become more aware of their cons, and of other fuels pros, they are fitting more expensive and less available. Still, the price of oil is so intemperately depended upon by the economy, that even the slight fluctuation in price scum bag nominate a country to go to war or a government to fall.* A fuel should not burn to give products that are difficult to dispose of, unpleasant or harmful fossil fuels definitely do not fall under this category, but the only fuel that does fall under this category is hydrogen.* A fuel should be favorable to store and transport safely and with out loss fossil fuels are the only type of fuel that people are currently well-to-do with storing, hydrogen and methane are so flammable that people get anxious about employ them for cars, and until a safe way of storing them is developed, fossil fuels will have t o continue to be usedYou may then query what the problem with fossil fuels is as they are obviously good at their job. What we must consider is the fact that they are non-renewable, and that we are consuming them at an incredible rate. It is predicted that most of the Earths oil sources will be depleted over the century. Also, fossil fuels are used in many important chemic industries, such as qualification plastics, medicines, and solvents, and by burning them, we are change magnitude our the feedstock for these vital products.Fossil fuels such as oil are make into these products through a series of different processes. First the oil is fractionally distilled then the different sections join together to make polymers. These synthetic plastics and solvents are used largely in e preciseday life, such as polystyrene cups and PVC plastic.Secondly, the burning of carbon based fuels produces large amounts of carbon dioxide that is one of the main contributors to the glasshouse effect . There are such drastically high levels of carbon dioxide in the air that the only real solution would be to oust all use of fossil fuels, but countries have become so dependant upon them that is not feasible.Thirdly, spillages of fossil fuels cause serious damages to local environments. When an oil tanker crashes, massive amounts of sea life and birds die, and the effects are disastrous.Fourthly, inefficient burning of fossil fuels results in the production of carbon monoxide, which is a very harmful and poisonous gas. Inhalation of this gas is potential to cause death as it interferes with the transport of oxygen in the blood stream.Fifthly, conflagration of fossil fuels also produces gases such as nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain.In particular we cannister look at oil. Numerous countries holy economies now rely on the price of oil, as their entire riches is in the drilling, extracting, and trading in it. This is cause for great concern as oil is non-renewable, and w e are consuming it so quickly, it will inevitably run out, and counties will no longer be able to rely on it.We have seen in the past that countries entire economies have collapsed due to electric razor fluctuations in the oil market, therefore total collapse of the market would be devastating for many of the worlds major and influential countries. Also, there would be immense amounts of job losses that would inevitably affect the society this can be seen by looking at the destruction caused when the coalmines closed.There are hardly a(prenominal) ways which can be seen to overcome this imminent problem, however, one, most likely solution would be to investigate alternatives to fossil fuels, but all of the mathematical alternatives have their advantages and disadvantages which must be taken into account before making any changes.* Biofuels (plants can be grown specifically for fuel or the production of fuel, such as wood or sugar cane. Biogas and biomass gived by the growing and decaying of plants already produce usable fuel so this could easily be exploited to create a fuel source.) Advantages renewable, reduces waste, simple technology. Disadvantages not a large enough supply to totally replace fossil fuels* Methanol CH3OH (this is a simple alcohol which can be do from methane.) Advantages burns cleanly and completely Disadvantages more toxic than ethanol, provides less energy per litre than petrol, can cause corrosion of car engines.* Nuclear nuclear fission (energy is released when the nuclei of atoms of isotopes of uranium U-35 are split. The energy created can be used to lovingness water to turn steam turbines.) Advantages no carbon, sulphur, or nitrogen oxides produces. Disadvantages hot waste, safety systems needed are very expensive.* Nuclear fusion (energy is released when deuterium and tritium fuse to create helium) Advantages potentially almost limitless as an energy supply as the reactants come from water. Disadvantages very costl y, cannot currently be produced at economic rates.* Moving air (wind turns windmills and wind turbines. Lots of research is already being carried out and soon may provide 10% of the UKs energy) Advantages renewable, befoulment and waste free, can be used in locality to where the energy is needed. Disadvantages high initial expense, not reliable in calm weather, upset and visual environmental impact* Moving water (Hydroelectricity water stored tramp dams can be released through turbines to generate electricity. Waves The motion of waves is used to create oscillating motion. Tides incoming tides in river estuaries fill up large water stores behind barrages, which is then released through turbines.) Advantages renewable, predictable, pollution and waste free, large scale. Disadvantages costly to install, environmental impact.* Sunlight (Solar panels collect solar heat and are used to heat water. Photovoltaic cells convert light into electricity). Advantages renewable, poll ution and waste free. Disadvantages non good for places of low sunlight levels, high initial costs, not very practical for large-scale use.* Geothermal energy (heat from rocks under the Earths surface can be used to heat water which can, in turn, be used to heat houses). Advantages practically unlimited. Disadvantages not widely available, large initial costs* Hydrogen (extracted from water by electrolysis, many things are capable of running on hydrogen). Advantages no pollution. Disadvantages people are nervous about using such a dangerously explosive gas, difficult to store and transport.If some of these possibilities were researched further, they could replace fossil fuels and help many of the previously discussed issues.