Newtons Laws Relating to Car Safety Devices Essay

Ever since railroad automobiles were invented in the early 20th century, there contract been driveway fatalities. Advances in car safety technology have seen a f every(prenominal) exp mavinntial curve in casualties suffered on the road. The first invention was the seatbelt, by George Cayley in the late 1900s. The next major advance was with the airbag, by crapper Hetrick in 1952. A patent for the design was marketed for automobiles in 1967. The combination of all safety kinks located in cars contribute to the wellbeing of the driverThe idea of a seat belt is simple, but it harnesses technology that shows a lot of ingenuity. A seatbelt is designed to limit one fastened in their seat in the event of an abrupt stop. It is essentially a piece of tough stuff that goes around the user. It combats the effect of the break off inertia on ourselves, by make us a part of the car. Inertia refers to an objects tendency to maintain its produce of rest or uniform motion unless acted up on by a take. Sir Isaac Newtons initiative Law of Motion revolves around Inertia.When the car is in motion, inertia wants it to keep going at that fixedness, but there atomic outlet 18 several military units playperforming on it, such as friction and air resistance. The engines power compensates for this zipper loss. Anything that is in the car but non attached to it has its own inertia, and this is unmixed when the car is accelerating, decelerating and in the event of an abrupt stop. When in uniform motion, one can non feel the effects of the cars inertia as sepa regularise to oneself, but the separate inertia is shown when the car is halt suddenly.In a high speed collision, each car comes to a stop rapidly. Occupants not wearing their seatbelt depart continue at the original speed of the car (as per the Law of Inertia) until acted upon by a force. An unrestrained occupant exit then move at a high speed untilColliding with the car interior or other(a) occupants, stop ping faster than the car itself, most of the epoch oer a distance of several centimetres.Crashing through the windscreen. This concentrates an amazing come in of impetus (momentum= luck x velocity)(M=70kgx90km/h)(M=6300) on one of the most vulnerable parts of the clement dust.Impulse is defined as the product of the force and the time musical interval over which it acts. It is equal to the castrate of momentum. With a seatbelt on, one will change their momentum slower and therefore spread out the force acting on them. This significantly increases the chance of excerption.An occupant with a seatbelt will have the same inertia of the car, & therefore stop with it. The rate of change of the momentum of a restrained occupant is much less than that of an unrestrained person. This substance that the net force on the restrained occupant will be less. As well as increasing the time interval over which the wearer comes to a stop, a properly fitted seatbelt spreads the partake force over a larger sur compositors case welkin of the body, in particular the pelvis & ribcage.Seatbelts are an extremely effective means of saving lives. Car accident researchers in Australia estimate that seatbelts reduce the encounter of fatal injury to present-seat occupants by 45 per cent and the risk of serious injury by 50 per cent.Airbags are designed to increase the time interval during which the drivers momentum decreases during a compass point on collision, therefore reducing the net force on the driver, specially from the steering wheel & dash board. It besides acts to cushion our precious indicate during impact.An airbag consists of 3 parts which all assist in slowing the passengers fore motionThe bag made of a thin nylon fabric, which is compressed in order to fit into the steering wheel etc.The sensor The device that tells the airbag to inflate, in the event of a collision. The sensors receive information from an accelerometer built into a microchip.The inflation s ystem Reacts with sodium azide with potassium nitrate to produce nitrogen gas. Hot blasts of nitrogen gas inflate the airbag.When an airbag is deployed15 20 milliseconds aft(prenominal) impact The crashsensors & control unit determine the severity of the collision. This decides if the airbag will be deployed or not.25 milliseconds The pad covering the airbag splits in strategical lite places & begins to inflate.45 milliseconds The airbag is fully inflated while the occupant is unruffled miserable transport.60 milliseconds The occupant makes contact with the airbag, which immediately begins to deflate.Up to blow milliseconds The occupant continues to sink into the airbag, cushioning the head & chest while deflating. caprice is the product of mass multiplied by velocity. Unless an outside force acts on an object, it will continue to move at its present speed & direction. If spare objects in the car are not restrained, they will continue moving at the same speed as the car, ev en if the car is stopped in a collision. Therefore by reducing our velocity development the airbag, one will have less momentum, & therefore a great chance of survival or serious injury.Air bags do not just cushion your body in the event of an impact, but they also spread the impact over a larger area. By doing this, the force is not all concentrated in one small area of your body. This in turn will cause the seriousness your injuries to be decrease because the force you feel is spread out.A study stated that the number of lives saved by airbags is 600 per year. It also indicate that airbags reduce fatalities by 8% when worn in conjunction with a seatbelt. Airbags also reduce the risk of dying in a frontal crash by 30 %.Wearing both a seatbelt and having an airbag fitted car deeply increases thesurvival rate in the event of a crash.Crumple zones are deliberate weak spots the car engineers place in the structure of a car. exact a head-on collision into a concrete wall. Before the crash, the car & its passengers move together at the same velocity. With a car posing a rigid body, an impact will cause both automobile & occupants to halt very quickly. This immediate stop creates a large amount of force on the passengers. (F=ma)(F=75kg x -30km/h-2 )(F=2250N). By increasing the impact time, the force on the occupants is dramatically reduced, because of this cushioning effect.Newtons first practice of law (a body will continue its state of motion unless acted upon by a non-zero net force) is another law that explains how ripple zones work in the face of an accident.As your car moves tungsten at 60 km/h, not only is it your car that is going that fast but it is your own body that is travelling that fast also. If your car hits a solid wall and comes to a stop immediately, your body will want to continue going west at 60 km/h because of inertia.As the car strikes the wall, the front part crushes together. As the front of the car is absorbing the impact, energy fro m the impact is given off in the form of heat and sound. Because the front of the car acts as a cushion, it slows the time it takes for the car to come to a fetch up stop this will apply less of a force on you.The graph above illustrates how force changes as time changes with the use of crumple zones. The better the crumple zone, the more effective it is in increasing the time of a collision.Collapsible steering wheels also aid in ones survival chance in the event of a collision. It reduces the risk of impaling the driver by folding away when force is acted on it. When the body is thrown forward by the effect of inertia, the steering wheel becomes less of a caustic obstacle.Luggage restraining barriers help, in the event of a crash, by stopping thebaggage that will move forward because of its own inertia.http//www.explainthatstuff.com/airbags.htmlAccessed 1/7/09http//www.k12.nf.ca/gc/Science/Physics3204/Projects2003/SlotA/ProjectA2/index1.htmAccessed 2/7/09http//www.reachoutmichig an.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/newton/airbags.htmlAccessed 2/7/09http//www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/mmedia/newtlaws/cci.htmlAccessed 4/7/09http//www.scienceperspectives.com/Sir-Isaac-and-Seat-Belts.htmAccessed 4/5/09http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/HFrame.htmlAccessed 4/5/09http//www.howstuffworks.com/airbag.htmAccessed 4/5/09http//midsouthrescue.org/id7.htmlAccessed 4/5/09http//www.gm.com/experience/education/9-12/technology/physics.jspAccessed 4/5/09http//www.k12.nf.ca/gc/Science/Physics3204/Projects2003/SlotA/ProjectA2/link20.htm4/5/09http//www.k12.nf.ca/gc/Science/Physics3204/Projects2003/SlotA/ProjectA2/link20.htmAccessed 4/5/09http//www.autoevolution.com/news/how-crumple-zones-work-7112.htmlAccessed 4/5/09http//auto.howstuffworks.com/crumple-zone.htmAccessed 4/5/09